È incinta.

Because Italian often drops subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear enough from context.

So È incinta. can mean:

• She is pregnant.
• You are pregnant. when speaking formally to one woman

Italian usually does not need lei unless you want emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

For example:

• Lei è incinta. = She is pregnant / You are pregnant (formal), with extra emphasis or clarity

È is the third-person singular form of the verb essere = to be.

So here it means is.

A few forms of essere are:

• sono = I am
• sei = you are
• è = he/she/it is
• siamo = we are
• siete = you all are
• sono = they are

In È incinta, the verb is agreeing with a singular subject.

The accent distinguishes è = is from e = and.

• è = a form of essere
• e = and

So the accent is very important in writing.

Examples:

• Maria è stanca. = Maria is tired.
• Maria e Luca = Maria and Luca

Because incinta is the feminine singular form of the adjective.

Italian adjectives usually agree with the person they describe in gender and number.

Here, the person is understood to be female, so you use:

• incinta = feminine singular

Other forms would be:

• incinto = masculine singular
• incinte = feminine plural
• incinti = masculine plural

In ordinary usage, pregnancy is usually talked about with a female subject, so learners most often see incinta.

Yes. In this sentence, incinta functions as an adjective meaning pregnant.

Italian often uses essere + adjective:

• È felice. = She is happy.
• È pronta. = She is ready.
• È incinta. = She is pregnant.

So grammatically, this sentence is built like:

• è = verb
• incinta = adjective

Yes. It can mean You are pregnant if you are using the formal singular form of address.

That is because formal you in Italian takes the same verb form as he/she:

• Lei è incinta. = You are pregnant. (formal, to a woman)

Without context, È incinta. is often understood as She is pregnant, but formal you is also possible.

You usually know from context.

Italian relies a lot on context because the subject is often omitted.

For example:

• If people are talking about Maria, then È incinta. probably means She is pregnant.
• If a doctor is speaking politely to a female patient, È incinta. could mean You are pregnant.

So the sentence by itself is grammatically ambiguous, but in real conversation the situation usually makes it clear.

No. Italian does not use an article here.

You simply say:

• È incinta.

Not:

• È una incinta for this meaning

That would sound wrong in normal usage.

This is just like many adjective constructions in Italian:

• È alto. = He is tall.
• È malata. = She is sick.
• È incinta. = She is pregnant.

It is pronounced roughly een-CHEEN-tah.

A few helpful points:

• Stress is on the second syllable: in-CIN-ta
• ci before n here sounds like chee
• the final a is clearly pronounced

And è is pronounced like an open eh sound.

So the whole sentence sounds approximately like:

• eh een-CHEEN-tah

Yes. Incinta is the normal, common everyday word.

You will hear things like:

• Mia sorella è incinta. = My sister is pregnant.
• Sono incinta. = I am pregnant.

There are more technical or formal ways to talk about pregnancy in some contexts, but incinta is the standard word learners should know first.

Usually just È incinta, if the subject is already understood.

Italian commonly leaves out subject pronouns unless they are needed for:

• emphasis
• contrast
• clarification

So:

• È incinta. = natural and common
• Lei è incinta. = possible, but more marked

For example, Lei è incinta, non sua sorella adds contrast: She is pregnant, not her sister.

You change the form of essere, and the adjective must agree where necessary.

Examples:

• Sono incinta. = I am pregnant. (said by a woman)
• Sei incinta. = You are pregnant. (to one woman, informal)
• Siamo incinte. = We are pregnant. (all feminine)
• Sono incinte. = They are pregnant. (feminine plural)

This is a good example of two things happening together:

1. the verb changes for the subject
2. the adjective changes for gender and number

Yes. È incinta. is a complete, natural sentence.

It has:

• a verb: è
• a predicate adjective: incinta
• an understood subject from context

Italian does not need an explicit subject pronoun to make the sentence complete. So even though it looks short to an English speaker, it is perfectly normal Italian.