Ogni mercoledì l’uomo chiama sua figlia dopo il lavoro.

Because ogni mercoledì means every Wednesday.

A few useful points:

• ogni = every / each
• After ogni, Italian normally uses a singular noun, so it is mercoledì, not mercoledìs or a plural form.
• This phrase sets the time frame for the whole sentence, so putting it first is very natural.

You could also place it later:

• L’uomo chiama sua figlia ogni mercoledì dopo il lavoro.

That means the same thing.

Yes. Ogni mercoledì and tutti i mercoledì both mean every Wednesday.

The difference is mostly style:

• ogni mercoledì = slightly more compact
• tutti i mercoledì = also very common, a bit more literally all Wednesdays

So these are both fine:

• Ogni mercoledì l’uomo chiama sua figlia dopo il lavoro.
• Tutti i mercoledì l’uomo chiama sua figlia dopo il lavoro.

Because uomo begins with a vowel, and il changes to l’ before most singular masculine nouns that begin with a vowel.

So:

• il libro
• il lavoro
• but l’uomo

The apostrophe shows that a vowel has dropped from lo or il-type article forms. In practice, you just learn that before a vowel, the singular definite article is often l’:

• l’uomo
• l’amico
• l’albero

Because Italian, like English, often uses the present tense for habitual actions.

Here, chiama means:

• he calls
• or more naturally in context, he calls every Wednesday

So the sentence does not mean only what is happening right now. It can also describe a routine.

This is very common:

• Ogni mattina bevo caffè. = I drink coffee every morning.
• Il sabato lavorano. = They work on Saturdays.

Chiama is the third-person singular present of chiamare (to call).

Conjugation of chiamare in the present:

• io chiamo = I call
• tu chiami = you call
• lui/lei chiama = he/she calls
• noi chiamiamo = we call
• voi chiamate = you all call
• loro chiamano = they call

Since the subject is l’uomo (the man), Italian uses chiama.

In Italian, ch before i or e makes a hard k sound.

So:

• chi sounds like kee
• chiama is roughly KYAH-ma

That h is very important. Without it, ciama would not be standard Italian, and ci would normally sound like chee.

Compare:

• chi = hard k sound
• ci = soft ch sound

Because with a singular family member, Italian usually omits the article before the possessive.

So you normally say:

• mia madre = my mother
• tuo fratello = your brother
• sua figlia = his/her daughter

Not normally:

• la sua figlia

Important exception: If the family noun is modified, the article often comes back:

• la sua figlia maggiore = his/her older daughter
• il mio caro fratello = my dear brother

Also, with plural family members, the article is usually used:

• i suoi figli = his/her children
• le mie sorelle = my sisters

In Italian, the possessive adjective agrees with the thing possessed, not with the owner.

Here, the possessed noun is figlia, which is:

• feminine
• singular

So the possessive must also be feminine singular:

• sua figlia

That does not mean the owner is female. It can mean:

• his daughter
• her daughter
• in some contexts, your daughter (formal Lei)

In this sentence, because the subject is l’uomo, we understand it as his daughter.

These are two different grammar patterns.

il lavoro

• uses the normal definite article il
• in the expression dopo il lavoro, Italian usually says after the work / after work with the article

sua figlia

• follows the special rule for singular family members
• so the article is usually omitted before the possessive

So this combination is completely normal:

• sua figlia
• il lavoro

Because that is the usual Italian structure.

Italian often uses a definite article in places where English does not:

• dopo il lavoro = after work
• prima della scuola = before school
• vado in ufficio sometimes without article, but many time expressions and set phrases use one

So even though English says after work, Italian idiomatically says dopo il lavoro.

The word order can change.

Your sentence is:

• Ogni mercoledì l’uomo chiama sua figlia dopo il lavoro.

But Italian could also say:

• L’uomo chiama sua figlia ogni mercoledì dopo il lavoro.
• Dopo il lavoro, ogni mercoledì, l’uomo chiama sua figlia.

The original order is natural because it begins with the time expression Ogni mercoledì. Italian often moves time phrases around for emphasis or style.

The most neutral structure here is still very clear:

• subject: l’uomo
• verb: chiama
• object: sua figlia
• time phrase: ogni mercoledì
• additional time phrase: dopo il lavoro

Yes. By itself, sua figlia is grammatically ambiguous. It can mean:

• his daughter
• her daughter
• your daughter in formal speech

Italian often relies on context to make this clear.

In this sentence, l’uomo is the subject, so the most natural reading is:

• The man calls his daughter every Wednesday after work.

Because Italian usually does not need subject pronouns when the verb form already shows the person.

Here, chiama already tells us the subject is:

• he
• she
• or a singular formal you

And since the sentence explicitly includes l’uomo, adding lui would usually be unnecessary:

• L’uomo chiama sua figlia... = normal
• Lui chiama sua figlia... = possible, but more like he for emphasis or contrast

Italian is often called a pro-drop language for this reason.