Learn Hardcore Italian: Non parcheggiare troppo lontano dal portone principale. - Do not park too far from the main entrance.

In Italian, when giving a negative command to tu, you don’t use the usual second-person singular imperative (parcheggia). Instead you use non + the infinitive:
• Positive command (tu): Parcheggia qui (“Park here.”)
• Negative command (tu): Non parcheggiare qui (“Don’t park here.”)

Where does non go in a negative command?

The negation non always precedes the verb form you’re using. For a tu negative command, that means it goes right before the infinitive:
Non parcheggiare…
If it were a positive command you wouldn’t use non at all, and if it were a voi command (see below) you’d place non before the imperative form.

What is the function of troppo here?

Troppo is an adverb meaning “too” or “too much.” When placed before another adjective or adverb (here lontano), it intensifies it:
• troppo lontano = “too far”
Putting troppo after lontano (lontano troppo) would sound unidiomatic in Italian.

Is lontano an adjective or an adverb in this sentence?

Here lontano acts as an adverb, describing how (at what distance) you park. In Italian, many words that look like adjectives double as adverbs when they modify the manner, place, time, etc., of an action.

Why do we say dal portone and not al portone or da il portone?

The verb/adverb lontano pairs with da for expressing distance “from” a reference point.
• da + il contracts to dal
So troppo lontano dal portone literally means “too far from the main door.”
Saying al portone would mean “to/toward the door”, changing the meaning.

What does portone mean, and how is it different from porta?

• Portone = a large/main door or gate, typically the entrance to a building or courtyard.
• Porta = an ordinary door.
Here, portone principale emphasizes “the main entrance door.”

Why is principale placed after portone? Can it go before?

Most descriptive adjectives in Italian follow the noun: portone principale. Adjectives of size, color, shape, and description usually come after. Some special adjectives (e.g., buono, grande, molto) can precede, but principale typically follows.

How would I address more than one person (voi) in this command?

For voi (you all), the negative imperative uses non + the voi form of the imperative:
Non parcheggiate troppo lontano dal portone principale.
Here parcheggiate is the second-person plural imperative, and non still precedes it.