Learn Hardcore Italian: Il calendario sul frigorifero è colorato e facile da leggere. - The calendar on the refrigerator is colorful and easy to read.

The definite article il shows that you’re talking about a specific calendar (the one on the fridge). If you said un calendario, you’d be referring to any calendar in general, not the particular one you both know about. In context, il calendario is the right choice.

What does sul mean in sul frigorifero, and why not just su frigorifero?

Sul is the contraction of su (on) + il (the), so sul frigorifero literally means on the fridge. You need the article because frigorifero is a specific object. You could say su un frigorifero (on a fridge) or sopra il frigorifero (above the fridge), but su + il → sul is the most natural way to say on the fridge.

Both calendario and frigorifero end in -o. Are they always masculine?

Most Italian nouns ending in -o are masculine, so they take the masculine article il (singular). Their plural ends in -i (e.g. i calendari, i frigoriferi). There are exceptions, but this rule holds for regular -o nouns like these.

Why is colorato used here? Is it a participle or an adjective?

Here colorato acts as an adjective derived from the past participle of colorare (to color). It describes the appearance of the calendar (“it is colored” or “it is colorful”). As an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with calendario, which is masculine singular, so we use colorato.

If the calendar were feminine or plural, how would colorato change?

Adjectives ending in -o change endings to match the noun:

Feminine singular: colorata
Masculine plural: colorati
Feminine plural: colorate
So a feminine calendar would be la rivista colorata, and two calendars would be i calendari colorati.

What does facile da leggere mean, and why use da before the infinitive?

Facile da leggere means easy to read. In Italian, adjectives like facile and difficile are commonly followed by da + [infinitive] to express too easy/difficult to [do something]. So da leggere literally means to be read or for reading, giving the sense easy for reading.

Could you replace facile da leggere with leggibile?

Yes, you can say leggibile (readable), which also means easy to read in a more technical or design-focused sense. However, facile da leggere is more common in everyday speech and emphasizes user-friendliness rather than just technical readability.

Why are the adjectives colorato and facile da leggere placed after the verb è instead of before the noun?

This structure is called the predicative use of adjectives: you link the adjective to the noun with a form of essere (to be). It emphasizes the state or quality of the subject. If you put them before the noun, they become attributive:

Predicative: Il calendario … è colorato e facile da leggere.
Attributive (less common here): Il colorato calendario sul frigorifero, facile da leggere, …
The predicative position is more neutral and typical for simple descriptions.

Why doesn’t facile change ending for gender, since it ends in -e?

Adjectives ending in -e have one form for both masculine and feminine singular. Their plural changes to -i (e.g. facili). Since calendario is singular, whether masculine or feminine, you use facile. If you had multiple items, you’d say facili da leggere.