Io respiro lentamente quando sono in giardino.

I breathe slowly when I am in the garden.

Breakdown of Io respiro lentamente quando sono in giardino.

• io: I
• essere: to be
• in: in
• il giardino: the garden
• quando: when
• lentamente: slowly
• respirare: to breathe

Questions & Answers about Io respiro lentamente quando sono in giardino.

Do I have to include io in Italian sentences, or can I just say “Respiro lentamente quando sono in giardino”?

In Italian the verb ending already tells you the subject, so you can safely drop io except for emphasis or contrast. Saying Respiro lentamente quando sono in giardino is perfectly natural and means the same thing.

Why is respiro used here? How do I conjugate respirare in the present tense?

Respirare is a regular –are verb. You form the present indicative by removing –are and adding:
• io respiro
• tu respiri
• lui/lei respira
• noi respiriamo
• voi respirate
• loro respirano
So respiro means “I breathe.”

Why is lentamente placed after the verb? Can I put it before?

Adverbs like lentamente usually follow the verb in Italian, but you can move them for emphasis:
• Respiro lentamente. (neutral)
• Lentamente respiro. (more poetic or emphatic)
Most speakers will stick with verb + adverb order.

Why do we say in giardino instead of a giardino or nel giardino?

With place names like giardino, Italian uses in + noun to mean “in a garden.”
• in giardino = in a garden (general)
If you want to specify “in the garden,” you could say nel giardino, but Italians often drop the article when speaking of one’s own garden.

Why is sono used for “I am in the garden” instead of sto?

Both verbs can express “to be,” but stare often implies staying or being in a temporary state, and essere is just “to be.” For location you can use either, but sono in giardino is more common:
• Sono in giardino. (I’m in the garden.)
• Sto in giardino. (I’m staying/remaining in the garden.)

What’s the difference between quando and mentre for “when” or “while”?

Quando introduces a time clause meaning “when” (a point or period), whereas mentre means “while” and suggests simultaneous ongoing actions.
• Quando sono in giardino, respiro lentamente. (Whenever I’m in the garden…)
• Mentre sono in giardino, leggo un libro. (While I’m in the garden…)

In English we say “I am breathing,” but Italian uses the simple present. Can you explain?

Italian normally uses the simple present (presente indicativo) to express both simple actions and ongoing ones. There is no direct equivalent of English present continuous. So respiro can mean “I breathe” or “I am breathing” depending on context.

Is it okay to switch the clauses and say Quando sono in giardino respiro lentamente?

Yes, you can start with the time clause. Just remember to add a comma for clarity:
Quando sono in giardino, respiro lentamente.
The meaning stays the same; it’s simply a different word order.