Ogni decisione ha una conseguenza.

Ogni means every/each and is followed by a singular noun in Italian:

• ogni decisione = every decision
• ogni giorno = every day
• ogni persona = every person

Even though the idea is general, Italian uses the singular after ogni.

If you say tutte le decisioni, that means all the decisions, which refers to a specific set or group, not to the general idea of every single decision.

Ogni is an indefinite adjective/determiner meaning every or each.

A useful thing to remember is that ogni does not change for masculine/feminine:

• ogni decisione = every decision
• ogni problema = every problem
• ogni casa = every house

It is normally used with a singular noun.

In this sentence, Italian does not need an article because the nouns are being used in a general sense:

• Ogni decisione ha una conseguenza.

Here:

• decisione is already introduced by ogni
• conseguenza is introduced by una

You would not say ogni la decisione because ogni already functions as the determiner.

Ha is the third person singular of avere = to have.

The subject is ogni decisione, which is grammatically singular, so the verb must also be singular:

• ogni decisione ha = every decision has

A quick conjugation of avere in the present tense:

• io ho = I have
• tu hai = you have
• lui/lei ha = he/she has
• noi abbiamo = we have
• voi avete = you all have
• loro hanno = they have

Not all feminine nouns end in -a, and not all nouns ending in -e are masculine.

Decisione is a feminine noun, and many nouns ending in -zione are feminine:

• la decisione
• la situazione
• la nazione
• la conclusione

So even though decisione ends in -e, it is still feminine.

Because conseguenza is a feminine singular noun.

The indefinite articles in Italian are:

• un = masculine singular
• uno = masculine singular before certain consonant sounds
• una = feminine singular

So:

• una conseguenza = a consequence
• un problema = a problem
• uno studente = a student

Yes, but often they are close in meaning.

• ogni = every
• ciascuno / ciascuna / ciascun = each, every single one

In many cases, ogni decisione and ciascuna decisione are both possible.
However, ciascuna can sound a bit more careful, individual, or formal.

So:

• Ogni decisione ha una conseguenza. = Every decision has a consequence.
• Ciascuna decisione ha una conseguenza. = Each decision has a consequence.

Both are correct.

Literally, ha una conseguenza means has a consequence.

In natural English, depending on context, you might express the idea as:

• every decision has a consequence
• every decision leads to consequences
• every choice has an outcome

But in Italian, this sentence is singular:

• una conseguenza = a consequence

If you wanted has consequences in the plural, you could say:

• Ogni decisione ha delle conseguenze.

That means Every decision has consequences.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• Ogni ≈ ON-yee
• decisione ≈ de-chee-ZYO-neh
• ha ≈ ah
• una ≈ OO-nah
• conseguenza ≈ kon-se-GWEN-tsah

A few helpful notes:

• gn in ogni is like the ny sound in canyon
• ci before o in decisione sounds like ch
• z in conseguenza is pronounced like ts

Because this is a very standard Italian sentence with a simple structure:

• Ogni decisione = subject
• ha = verb
• una conseguenza = object

So it follows the common subject + verb + object order, just like English:

• Every decision has a consequence.

Italian word order can be more flexible than English, but in straightforward statements like this, the order is often the same.

Yes, but the meaning changes slightly.

• decisione = decision
• scelta = choice

So:

• Ogni decisione ha una conseguenza. = Every decision has a consequence.
• Ogni scelta ha una conseguenza. = Every choice has a consequence.

They are similar, but decisione may sound a bit more deliberate or formal, while scelta often focuses more on the act of choosing between options.

Yes. This sentence expresses a general truth or general principle, and Italian commonly uses the present tense for that.

Examples:

• L’acqua bolle a 100 gradi. = Water boils at 100 degrees.
• Ogni azione ha una reazione. = Every action has a reaction.
• Ogni decisione ha una conseguenza. = Every decision has a consequence.

So the present tense here is exactly what you would expect.