Studiamo la storia tedesca.

Studiamo comes from the verb studiare, meaning to study.

Here, studiamo is the present tense, first person plural, so it means we study or we are studying, depending on context.

So:

• studiare = to study
• studiamo = we study / we are studying

Because -iamo is the normal ending for we in the present tense of many Italian verbs, including -are verbs like studiare.

For studiare:

• io studio = I study
• tu studi = you study
• lui/lei studia = he/she studies
• noi studiamo = we study
• voi studiate = you all study
• loro studiano = they study

So the -iamo ending tells you the subject is we.

It can mean both, depending on context.

• Noi studiamo la storia tedesca. = We study German history.
• Studiamo la storia tedesca! = Let’s study German history!

In your sentence, without any special context or exclamation, the most natural reading is simply we study.

La is the definite article, meaning the.

In Italian, articles are used more often than in English. So where English says We study German history, Italian naturally says We study the German history in form, even though the correct English translation is just German history.

Here:

• la = the
• storia = history

So la storia literally means the history.

Because adjectives in Italian usually agree with the noun they describe in gender and number.

Storia is a feminine singular noun, so the adjective must also be feminine singular:

• tedesco = masculine singular
• tedesca = feminine singular
• tedeschi = masculine plural
• tedesche = feminine plural

Since storia is feminine singular, you get:

• la storia tedesca = German history

In Italian, adjectives often come after the noun.

So:

• storia tedesca = German history

This is the normal Italian word order here. English usually puts adjectives before the noun, but Italian often puts them after.

Yes. Storia can mean both history and story, depending on context.

For example:

• la storia d’Italia = the history of Italy
• una storia interessante = an interesting story

In Studiamo la storia tedesca, the context clearly makes it mean history.

Yes, you can.

• la storia tedesca = German history
• la storia della Germania = the history of Germany

These are very close in meaning, but they are not always identical in nuance:

• la storia tedesca sounds like German history in a broad sense
• la storia della Germania focuses more directly on the history of Germany

In many contexts, either one would work.

Because Italian often drops subject pronouns when they are not needed.

The verb ending already tells you the subject:

• studiamo = we study

So Studiamo la storia tedesca is perfectly complete on its own.

You could say:

• Noi studiamo la storia tedesca

but noi is usually added only for emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

Yes. Studiamo is in the present indicative.

Depending on context, the Italian present can translate into English in different ways:

• we study
• we are studying
• sometimes even we do study for emphasis

So Studiamo la storia tedesca most naturally means We study German history or We are studying German history.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

stoo-DYAH-mo la STO-ria te-DES-ka

A few helpful notes:

• studiamo has stress on -dia-
• storia has stress on sto-
• tedesca has stress on des-
• sc before a sounds like sk, so tedesca ends with a -ska sound

The normal word order is:

• Studiamo la storia tedesca.

That is the most neutral and natural version.

Italian can change word order for emphasis, but that is less basic and often more marked. For a learner, the standard structure to remember is:

verb + article + noun + adjective

So this sentence is a good normal model.