Naturalmente, il bambino dorme adesso.

In Italian, singular countable nouns often use an article where English might not focus on it as much.
So il bambino means the child / the boy.

• il = the for a masculine singular noun
• bambino = child / boy

Leaving out the article would usually sound incomplete in a normal sentence like this.

Dorme is the third person singular form of dormire (to sleep):

• io dormo = I sleep / I am sleeping
• tu dormi = you sleep
• lui/lei dorme = he/she sleeps

Italian often uses the simple present where English uses either:

• sleeps
• is sleeping

So il bambino dorme adesso naturally means the child is sleeping now.

You do not need a separate verb like English is.

Yes. In many everyday contexts, the Italian present tense covers both ideas.

So dorme can mean:

• he sleeps
• he is sleeping

The word adesso helps show that this is happening right now, so the most natural English translation is usually is sleeping now.

Adesso means now.

It is quite flexible in Italian. You can place it in different spots, for example:

• Naturalmente, il bambino dorme adesso.
• Naturalmente, il bambino adesso dorme.
• Adesso, naturalmente, il bambino dorme.

All are possible, though the exact emphasis may change a little. In your sentence, adesso comes at the end, which sounds natural and clear.

Naturalmente means naturally / of course. Putting it at the beginning lets it comment on the whole sentence.

So it works like an introductory adverb:

• Naturalmente, il bambino dorme adesso.

This is similar to English:

• Of course, the child is sleeping now.

Italian often places this kind of adverb at the start, followed by a comma in writing.

It is very common and usually a good idea in writing, because naturalmente is being used as a sentence adverb, commenting on the whole statement.

So:

• Naturalmente, il bambino dorme adesso.

looks clearer than:

• Naturalmente il bambino dorme adesso.

Without the comma, it is still understandable, but the version with the comma is more standard when naturalmente functions like of course.

Italian usually does not need subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows the subject person and number.

Here, the subject is already clearly stated as il bambino, so adding lui would usually be unnecessary.

• Il bambino dorme. = The child is sleeping.
• Lui dorme. = He is sleeping.
• Il bambino lui dorme. = usually unnatural unless used for special emphasis, and even then not in this basic way

Italian often omits pronouns unless there is contrast, emphasis, or ambiguity.

Bambino can mean both child and boy, depending on context.

• bambino = male child / boy / child
• bambina = girl / female child

If the context does not stress gender, English might translate il bambino as the child. If the context makes the child clearly male, the boy is also possible.

Italian has different forms of the masculine singular definite article.

• il is used before most consonant sounds
• lo is used before certain special beginnings, such as s + consonant, z, ps, gn, and a few others

Since bambino begins with a normal b, the correct article is:

• il bambino

Compare:

• il bambino
• lo studente
• lo zio

Yes. Ora and adesso can both mean now.

For this sentence, both are possible:

• Naturalmente, il bambino dorme adesso.
• Naturalmente, il bambino dorme ora.

In many contexts they are interchangeable. Sometimes adesso can feel a bit more explicitly tied to the present moment, but in ordinary speech the difference is often small.

No, it is neutral and natural. None of the words are unusually formal.

• naturalmente is a normal adverb
• il bambino is standard everyday Italian
• dorme is basic present tense
• adesso is common in speech and writing

So the sentence works well in standard Italian.

A rough guide for an English speaker is:

na-tu-ral-MEN-te, il bam-BEE-no DOR-me a-DES-so

A few helpful points:

• ch does not appear here, so nothing tricky like English k
• gli does not appear either
• e in dorme is a clear vowel, not a silent letter
• double consonants matter in Italian, but there are none doubled here
• ss in adesso is pronounced like a clear s, not like z

If you want to sound natural, keep the vowels clear and pronounce every syllable.

Yes. Italian word order is more flexible than English, especially with adverbs. For example:

• Il bambino dorme adesso.
• Adesso il bambino dorme.
• Naturalmente, adesso il bambino dorme.
• Il bambino adesso dorme.

These all work, but the emphasis changes slightly.

• putting adesso earlier emphasizes now
• keeping naturalmente first makes it frame the whole statement as of course / naturally

So the original sentence is one natural option, not the only possible one.