Ibu menyapu halaman dengan sapu lidi sebelum tamu datang.

Ibu can work like a title, a form of address, or a noun meaning mother / Mrs. / ma’am / an adult woman, depending on context.

In this sentence, Ibu most naturally refers to a specific woman already understood from context, often Mother or Mrs. X. Indonesian often leaves out words like a, the, or that when the meaning is clear.

So:

• Ibu menyapu halaman = Mother/Mrs. ... is sweeping the yard
• seorang ibu would mean a mother / a woman
• ibu itu would mean that mother / that lady

Indonesian is usually less explicit than English about articles and definiteness.

The base word is sapu, which can mean broom or relate to sweeping.

The verb menyapu is formed with the meN- verb prefix, which often creates an active verb. When meN- attaches to a root beginning with s, the s usually disappears and meN- becomes meny-.

So:

• sapu → root
• meN- + sapu → menyapu

This is a very common sound change in Indonesian.

Similar patterns:

• sikat → menyikat
• susun → menyusun

So menyapu means to sweep.

Yes. They are closely related.

• sapu as a noun = broom
• menyapu as a verb = to sweep

So sapu lidi literally means a kind of broom, and menyapu is the action done with it.

This is common in Indonesian: one root can produce both noun and verb meanings depending on form and context.

In this sentence, halaman means yard, courtyard, or the area around the house.

Be careful: halaman can also mean page in other contexts.

So:

• halaman rumah = the yard of the house
• halaman buku = a page of a book

Here, because the sentence is about sweeping and using a broom, halaman clearly means yard/courtyard.

Sapu lidi is a traditional broom made from the stiff ribs of coconut or palm leaves. It is commonly used outdoors to sweep yards or open areas.

So this phrase is more specific than just broom. It suggests the kind of broom used for outside sweeping.

Breaking it down:

• sapu = broom
• lidi = the stiff midrib/stick from a coconut or palm leaf

Together:

• sapu lidi = a stick-rib broom, often just translated naturally as a yard broom or a broom made of palm/coconut leaf ribs

In this sentence, dengan means with, specifically using a tool:

• dengan sapu lidi = with a broom / using a broom

Yes, dengan often means with, but it can be used in several ways, such as:

• with/by means of a tool
  
  • menulis dengan pensil = to write with a pencil
• with someone
  
  • dengan teman = with a friend
• in a ... manner
  
  • dengan cepat = quickly / in a fast way

So here it marks the instrument used for the action.

Because sebelum is followed by a normal clause, and tamu datang is already a complete and natural clause in Indonesian.

• sebelum = before
• tamu datang = the guest arrives / guests arrive

So:

• sebelum tamu datang = before the guest arrives / before guests arrive

Indonesian subordinate clauses are often very simple compared with English. You usually do not need extra words like that, when, or added endings.

Datang is the normal everyday verb meaning to come or to arrive.

So:

• tamu datang = the guest comes / arrives

Tiba also means arrive, but it can sound a bit more formal or emphasize arrival itself:

• tamu tiba = the guest arrives

As for berdatang, that is not the normal form here. Indonesian does not make verbs the same way English does, so learners sometimes expect extra verb marking where none is needed.

In this sentence, datang by itself is perfectly natural.

Indonesian usually does not mark tense directly on the verb.

The verb form often stays the same, and time is understood from:

• context
• time words
• sequence of events

In this sentence, sebelum already creates a time relationship:

• Ibu menyapu halaman ... sebelum tamu datang
  = Mother sweeps/swept/is sweeping the yard before the guest comes/came

In natural English, you pick the tense from the situation:

• Mother swept the yard before the guests arrived
• Mother is sweeping the yard before the guests come
• Mother sweeps the yard before the guest arrives

Indonesian leaves that more open unless another time marker is added, such as kemarin, sedang, or akan.

It could be either singular or plural, depending on context.

• tamu = guest or guests

Indonesian nouns usually do not change form for plural. If the speaker wants to make plurality clearer, they can use:

• reduplication: tamu-tamu
• a plural marker like para tamu for people
• context or a number

So this sentence could mean:

• before the guest arrives
• before the guests arrive

English forces you to choose more clearly; Indonesian often does not.

Because Indonesian has no direct equivalent of English articles like a/an and the in most cases.

So:

• halaman can mean a yard or the yard
• sapu lidi can mean a broom or the broom
• tamu can mean a guest, the guest, or guests

The listener figures it out from context.

If Indonesian wants to be more specific, it can use words like:

• itu = that / the one already known
• seorang = a person / one
• possessive phrases or other context markers

But usually, the simple noun is enough.

It could mean several things, depending on context.

Common possibilities:

• Mother / Mom
• Mrs. ...
• an adult woman addressed respectfully
• sometimes simply she, if the person has already been introduced as Ibu

Without more context, English translations may choose:

• Mother
• Mrs. ...
• The woman
• She

This is very normal in Indonesian, where kinship and honorific terms are used more broadly than in English.

The basic structure is:

• Ibu = subject
• menyapu = verb
• halaman = object
• dengan sapu lidi = instrument phrase
• sebelum tamu datang = time clause

So the pattern is roughly:

Subject + Verb + Object + Additional information

More literally:

• Ibu — mother/the woman
• menyapu halaman — sweeps the yard
• dengan sapu lidi — with a stick broom
• sebelum tamu datang — before the guest(s) arrive

This is a very typical Indonesian sentence structure.