Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak. - This mixture of coffee and warm milk is delicious.

So a fairly literal gloss is:
campuran (mixture) kopi (coffee) dan (and) susu (milk) hangat (warm) ini (this) enak (tasty).

Why is there no word for “is” in this sentence?

Indonesian usually does not use a verb “to be” (like is/are/am) before adjectives.

Pattern:

[Noun / noun phrase] + [adjective]

So:

Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini = This mixture of coffee and warm milk (noun phrase)
enak = tasty (adjective)

Put together: Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
Literally: “This mixture of coffee and warm milk tasty.”
Natural English: “This mixture of coffee and warm milk is tasty.”

You only use things like adalah or ialah in specific contexts (often more formal, and usually before nouns, not before simple adjectives like enak). Here, you just drop “is”.

Why does hangat (warm) come after susu instead of before it?

In Indonesian, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

susu hangat = warm milk
kopi panas = hot coffee
rumah besar = big house
baju lama = old shirt

So in the sentence:

susu = milk
hangat = warm

Together: susu hangat = warm milk.

Putting the adjective before the noun, like hangat susu, is ungrammatical in standard Indonesian.

Does hangat describe only the milk, or the whole coffee-and-milk mixture?

Grammatically, hangat most naturally attaches to the word susu that comes right before it, so:

susu hangat = warm milk

So the default reading is:

a mixture of coffee and warm milk (milk that is warm).

If you want to be clear that the entire mixture is warm (both coffee and milk as a combined drink), you could say for example:

Campuran kopi dan susu ini hangat dan enak.
“This mixture of coffee and milk is warm and tasty.”

Campuran kopi dan susu yang hangat ini enak.
“This warm mixture of coffee and milk is tasty.”
(Here yang hangat clearly describes campuran, the mixture.)

In real life, context usually makes it obvious that you mean the drink itself is warm, but strictly by word order, hangat is tied to susu.

Why is ini at the end of the noun phrase (after susu hangat) instead of at the beginning like Ini campuran kopi dan susu hangat?

Indonesian allows two common positions for ini (“this”):

At the front of the sentence to mean “this [thing]” as the topic:
- Ini campuran kopi dan susu hangat.
  “This is a mixture of coffee and warm milk.”
Here ini is a standalone pronoun (“this one”), and what follows is usually an explanation or identification.
After the noun phrase as a demonstrative determiner:
- Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
  “This mixture of coffee and warm milk is tasty.”
Here ini is directly attached to the noun phrase campuran kopi dan susu hangat, so it’s like saying “this particular mixture”.

So:

Ini campuran kopi dan susu hangat. = “This is a mixture of coffee and warm milk.” (identifying what “this” is)
Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak. = “This mixture of coffee and warm milk is tasty.” (describing that mixture)

Both are correct, but they have slightly different structures and focus.

Could I say Kopi dan susu hangat ini enak without campuran? Would that be okay?

You can say Kopi dan susu hangat ini enak, and people would understand, but the nuance is a bit different and slightly less natural if you mean a single mixed drink.

Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
Clearly focuses on the mixture of coffee and warm milk as one combined drink.
Kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
Literally: “This coffee and warm milk are tasty.”
It can sound like you are talking about two items: the coffee and the warm milk (both tasty).

If your intention is “this coffee-with-warm-milk drink,” then:

Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
Or the very common drink name: Kopi susu hangat ini enak.
(“This warm coffee-with-milk is tasty.”; kopi susu is a standard phrase for coffee with milk.)

Using campuran makes the idea of “mixture” explicit. Using kopi susu relies on the fixed collocation that already means “coffee with milk.”

What exactly does campuran mean, and how is it formed?

Campuran is a noun meaning “mixture” or “mix.”

It comes from the root campur (to mix) plus the -an suffix:

campur (verb) = to mix
campuran (noun) = mixture, mix

This -an suffix is very common in Indonesian for forming nouns from verbs or adjectives. A few more examples:

masak (to cook) → masakan (cooked food, a dish)
tulis (to write) → tulisan (writing, handwriting, text)
minum (to drink) → minuman (a drink, beverage)
campur (to mix) → campuran (mixture)

So campuran kopi dan susu is literally “the mixture of coffee and milk.”

What’s the difference between enak, lezat, and sedap? Could I replace enak here?

All three can be translated as “delicious/tasty,” but there are nuance and register differences:

enak
- Very common, neutral, everyday.
- Used in casual speech all the time.
- Also used more broadly (“enak banget tidurnya” = the sleep felt great).
lezat
- Feels a bit more formal or “advertising” style.
- Often seen on packaging, menus, food ads.
- Stronger sense of “delicious,” but less casual than enak in daily speech.
sedap
- Slightly old-fashioned or regional in everyday Jakarta-style speech, but still fully understood.
- Strong association with good smell and savory taste (like fragrant, flavorful).
- Common in some dialects / regions and in fixed phrases (e.g. masakan sedap).

In your sentence, you could say:

Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak. (very natural)
Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini lezat. (OK, a bit more “advert / menu” tone)
Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini sedap. (OK, with a “flavorful, aromatic” feeling; usage depends on region and style)

For most everyday speech, enak is the safest and most natural choice.

How would I say “This warm mixture of coffee and milk is very tasty”?

You can intensify enak in several natural ways:

sangat enak (formal-ish, neutral)
- Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini sangat enak.
enak sekali (very common, neutral)
- Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak sekali.
enak banget (very colloquial / informal)
- Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak banget.

All three mean “very tasty,” with slightly different levels of formality:

sangat enak ≈ “very tasty” (more standard)
enak sekali ≈ “really tasty/very tasty” (widely used, neutral)
enak banget ≈ “so tasty / super tasty” (casual speech, slangy).

Indonesian doesn’t have “a/the” like English. How do I know if this means “a mixture” or “the mixture” or “this mixture”?

Indonesian does not have definite/indefinite articles like a/an/the. Instead it uses:

Demonstratives: ini (this), itu (that)
Context to show whether something is specific or general.

In the sentence:

Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.

You already have ini, so it clearly means “this mixture of coffee and warm milk” (a specific, visible one).

Compare:

Campuran kopi dan susu hangat enak.
No ini/itu. Could be:
- “Warm coffee-and-milk mixtures are tasty.” (general statement), or
- “The warm mixture of coffee and milk is tasty.” (if context makes it definite).

To mimic English “a mixture / the mixture” more precisely, you can play with context:

Ada campuran kopi dan susu hangat. Campuran ini enak.
“There is a mixture of coffee and warm milk. This mixture is tasty.”

So: the presence of ini here already answers it: it’s “this mixture”.

If I want to say “These warm mixtures of coffee and milk are tasty,” how would I make campuran plural?

Indonesian marks plural in several ways, but often doesn’t mark it at all when it’s obvious from context. If you really want to make the plurality explicit, you can:

Reduplicate the noun:
- Campuran-campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
  Literally: “These mixtures of coffee and warm milk are tasty.”
Or use a quantifier:
- Beberapa campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
  “Several of these warm mixtures of coffee and milk are tasty.”

Notes:

ini can work for plural too: buku-buku ini = these books.
Reduplication (campuran-campuran) is grammatically correct but can sound heavy; learners tend to overuse it. In many real contexts, people would just say:
- Campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
  and let context show they mean more than one.

How would I say “This cup of coffee and warm milk is tasty”?

You add a classifier / measure word for the container, e.g. cangkir (cup), gelas (glass).

Common pattern:

Se- + classifier + [noun phrase]

So:

Secangkir campuran kopi dan susu hangat ini enak.
“This cup of a mixture of coffee and warm milk is tasty.”

More natural, dropping campuran and using the common drink name:

Secangkir kopi susu hangat ini enak.
“This cup of warm coffee with milk is tasty.”

If the context already makes the container obvious, speakers may omit secangkir/ segelas and just say:

Kopi susu hangat ini enak.
“This warm coffee with milk is tasty.”

Is kopi susu different in meaning from campuran kopi dan susu?

Yes, there is a subtle but real difference:

kopi susu
- A fixed expression meaning “coffee with milk,” a specific drink.
- When you say kopi susu, people picture a standard coffee-with-milk beverage.
campuran kopi dan susu
- More literally “a mixture of coffee and milk.”
- Sounds a bit more descriptive or technical, not necessarily a named drink.
- Could refer to any mixture (could be part of a recipe, dessert, batter, etc.).

In everyday speech, if you’re talking about a drink, people very often say:

Kopi susu hangat ini enak.
“This warm coffee with milk is tasty.”

Your sentence with campuran is still correct and clear, but has a slightly more “descriptive” feel: “this mixture of coffee and warm milk.”