Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Dia setor tunai di ATM dekat kantor tadi pagi. - He/She deposited cash at the ATM near the office this morning.

"Dia" is gender‑neutral and means he/she. To specify, add a word or a name: dia laki‑laki, dia perempuan, or use the person’s name. For a respectful third person (an elder, VIP), use beliau. A more formal subject form is ia (often only as subject, not after prepositions).

Why is it "setor" and not "menyetor"? Are both correct?

Both are correct. In everyday Indonesian, the bare root verb is common: Dia setor tunai... In more formal or careful style, use the meN‑ form: Dia menyetor (uang) tunai... Very casual speech may use nyetor.

Is "setor tunai" a fixed phrase? Do I need to say "uang"?

Yes—setor tunai is a common collocation meaning "deposit cash." You can say either:

setor tunai (elliptical but very common, especially for the ATM feature), or
(menyetor) uang tunai (explicit). Related nouns: setoran (a deposit) and penyetoran (the act/process of depositing).

When do I use the -kan form, like "menyetorkan"?

Both menyetor uang and menyetorkan uang are used. The -kan form often highlights transfer to a recipient/target (and is slightly more formal): Dia menyetorkan uang tunai ke rekeningnya. The imperative with -kan is Setorkan (uangnya)!

Should it be "di ATM" or "ke ATM"?

di ATM = at the ATM (location of the action).
ke ATM = to the ATM (movement).
Example: Dia ke ATM dekat kantor untuk setor tunai, then dia setor tunai di ATM.

Is "ATM dekat kantor" missing "yang"? Would "ATM yang dekat kantor" or "di dekat kantor" be better?

All are acceptable:

ATM dekat kantor (colloquial noun + modifier)
ATM yang dekat kantor (clearer/more formal)
di ATM di dekat kantor (explicitly marks location) Use whichever fits your register; the given sentence is natural in speech.

Why is there no word for "the" before "office"?

Indonesian has no articles ("a/the"). Definiteness comes from context. kantor can mean "the office" if the context is shared. If you need to be explicit, add a possessor: kantor saya, kantor dia, etc.

How do I say "near my office" or "near his/her office"?

dekat kantor saya / kantorku = near my office
dekat kantornya or dekat kantor dia = near his/her office
You can also use di dekat: di dekat kantor saya.

"dekat kantor" vs "di dekat kantor" vs "dekat dengan kantor" — any difference?

Meaning is the same ("near the office").

dekat kantor (colloquial; treats dekat like a preposition)
di dekat kantor (a bit clearer/more formal)
dekat dengan kantor (also fine, slightly formal in some styles)

What’s the nuance of "tadi pagi" versus "pagi ini" and "barusan"? How do I say "yesterday morning"?

tadi pagi = earlier this morning (same day; morning has passed)
pagi ini = this morning (can be ongoing/general reference)
barusan = just now / a moment ago
kemarin pagi = yesterday morning

Can I move "tadi pagi" to another position?

Yes. All are natural:

Tadi pagi dia setor tunai di ATM dekat kantor.
Dia tadi pagi setor tunai di ATM dekat kantor.
Dia setor tunai di ATM dekat kantor tadi pagi.
Fronting the time emphasizes it slightly.

Do I need "sudah" or "telah" to mark the past here?

No. Indonesian doesn’t mark tense; tadi pagi already implies past. You can add sudah (neutral) or telah (formal) to stress completion: Dia sudah/telah setor tunai... With a specific past time, using sudah/telah is optional.

How do I express the passive voice?

Use the di‑ passive:

Uang tunai disetor di ATM dekat kantor tadi pagi (oleh dia).
If you use the -kan variant:
Uang tunai disetorkan di ATM dekat kantor tadi pagi.
The agent (oleh dia) is usually omitted if understood.

How do I ask "Where did he/she deposit the cash this morning?"

Dia setor tunai di mana tadi pagi?
Tadi pagi dia setor tunai di mana?

Can I drop "dia"?

Yes, if context makes the subject clear: Setor tunai di ATM dekat kantor tadi pagi. Subject drop is common in informal Indonesian.

How do I indicate the target account?

Add a ke‑ phrase: Dia menyetor uang tunai ke rekeningnya di ATM dekat kantor tadi pagi.
Other examples: ke rekening saya, ke rekening perusahaan, etc.