Breakdown of Pembaruan aplikasi telah selesai, tetapi data belum sinkron.
belum
not yet
tetapi
but
selesai
to finish
telah
already
Questions & Answers about Pembaruan aplikasi telah selesai, tetapi data belum sinkron.
Where is the verb “is/has” here? Indonesian seems to be missing it.
Indonesian often has no separate “to be” verb when the predicate is an adjective or noun.
- Pembaruan aplikasi telah selesai = “The app update has finished/is finished.” Here telah is an aspect marker (“already/has”), and selesai is an adjective (“finished”).
- Data belum sinkron = “The data is not yet in sync.” belum means “not yet”; sinkron is an adjective.
- Use adalah only for equating two nouns (A = B), not before adjectives like selesai or sinkron.
What’s the difference between telah and sudah? Which should I use?
Both mean “already/has” (perfect aspect).
- telah: more formal/written (news, documentation).
- sudah: neutral and common in speech; colloquial form: udah.
- You can sometimes omit them: Pembaruan aplikasi selesai is also fine if context makes the completion clear.
Is telah selesai redundant since selesai already means “finished”?