Breakdown of Setiap minggu, saya mencatat pengeluaran dan pendapatan di buku kecil.
sebuah
a
buku
the book
saya
I
di
in
setiap
every
dan
and
kecil
small
mencatat
to record
minggu
the week
pengeluaran
the expense
pendapatan
the income
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Questions & Answers about Setiap minggu, saya mencatat pengeluaran dan pendapatan di buku kecil.
What nuance does the verb bolded here have? Is mencatat just “to write”?
- Mencatat is to record, note down, or log information systematically (like in a ledger or notes).
- Menulis is to write in general (compose text, write a letter, etc.).
- In this sentence, mencatat is the natural choice because it’s about keeping records of money in/out.
Why is it mencatat and not something like menyatat? What’s going on with the prefix?
- Root: catat (note).
- Prefix: meN- forms an active transitive verb.
- Assimilation: with roots starting with c, the prefix surfaces as men- and the c stays, giving men
- catat = mencatat (spelled together).
- So the correct form is mencatat.
Do I need to say pengeluaran dan pendapatan saya to mean “my expenses and income”?
- Not strictly, but adding saya removes ambiguity.
- Options:
- Neutral/general: saya mencatat pengeluaran dan pendapatan (likely mine from context).
- Explicitly mine: saya mencatat pengeluaran dan pendapatan saya.
- Very explicit: saya mencatat semua pengeluaran dan pendapatan saya.
Are pendapatan, penghasilan, and pemasukan the same?
- Pendapatan: income/revenue in general (business or personal); neutral-register.
- Penghasilan: income you earn from work/activities; often personal.
- Pemasukan: money coming in; everyday colloquial counterpart of pendapatan.
- All can work here; choose based on register and nuance.
Could I pair pemasukan with pengeluaran instead?
- Yes. Pemasukan dan pengeluaran is a very common, balanced pair in daily speech for money in/out.
- The sentence would be: Setiap minggu, saya mencatat pemasukan dan pengeluaran di buku kecil.
Is buku kecil the natural way to say “notebook”?
- It’s understandable (a small book), but more idiomatic are:
- buku catatan (notebook; very common)
- buku tulis (exercise book/school notebook)
- If you want size and type: buku catatan kecil.
How do I say “in a small notebook” vs “in the small notebook” vs “in my small notebook”?
- A small notebook: di sebuah buku kecil or di sebuah buku catatan kecil.
- The small notebook (already known/shared): di buku kecil itu.
- My small notebook: di buku kecil saya or colloquial di buku kecilku.
Why is it di and not ke before buku kecil?
- Di marks location (at/in/on). You record something in/on the notebook.
- Ke marks movement/direction (to/toward), so it would be wrong here.
Can I use dalam or di dalam instead of di?
- Yes, with nuance:
- di buku kecil = in/on the notebook (neutral, most common).
- dalam buku kecil or di dalam buku kecil emphasizes inside/within the contents; slightly more formal.
Where can I put the time phrase? Does it have to be at the beginning?
- Flexible:
- Setiap minggu, saya mencatat … (fronted for emphasis; comma optional).
- Saya mencatat … setiap minggu. (end position; very natural).
- Alternatives:
- Tiap minggu (colloquial for setiap).
- Seminggu sekali (once a week).
Is the comma after Setiap minggu required?
- No. It’s optional and used for readability when a time/focus phrase is fronted.
- Both are acceptable: Setiap minggu, … and Setiap minggu …
What’s the difference between minggu and Minggu?
- minggu (lowercase) = week. Setiap minggu = every week.
- Minggu (capitalized) = Sunday. Setiap Minggu = every Sunday.
- Your sentence uses the lowercase meaning.
Do I need to mark plurals (like “expenses”)?
- Indonesian doesn’t grammatically mark plural by default. Context handles it.
- pengeluaran already implies multiple outflows/expenses.
- You can reduplicate for emphasis or variety (e.g., catatan-catatan), but it’s unnecessary here.
Can I drop the subject saya?
- In conversation, if context is crystal clear, you can omit it: Setiap minggu mencatat ….
- However, Indonesian commonly keeps the subject for clarity, especially in writing. Saya is safe and natural.
How would this sound in casual Jakarta speech?
- Tiap minggu gue catat pemasukan sama pengeluaran di buku kecil gue.
- Notes: gue (I/me), sama (and/with in colloquial), catat (bare verb is common in speech).
How about a more formal/business-like version?
- Setiap minggu, saya memperbarui pembukuan dan mencatat pemasukan serta pengeluaran pada buku catatan.
- Notes: pembukuan (bookkeeping), serta (formal “and”), pada (formal “at/in”).
What’s the passive version?
- Pengeluaran dan pendapatan saya dicatat di buku kecil setiap minggu.
- Focus moves to the records themselves; di- here is the passive prefix attached to the verb (dicatat).
I see di used two ways. How do I tell them apart?
- di
- noun (separate word) = preposition of place: di buku kecil (in the notebook).
- di-
- verb (attached) = passive verb prefix: dicatat (is/are recorded).
- Spacing is the giveaway.
Could I use mencatatkan here?
- Mencatatkan is more formal/causative, often in official contexts (to register/enter something on behalf of a record).
- For personal note-taking, stick with mencatat.
What are the word-formation patterns in pengeluaran and pendapatan?
- pengeluaran = peN- + keluar
- -an → expenditure/outflow (k drops; peN- becomes peng-).
- pendapatan = peN- + dapat
- -an → income/revenue (before d, peN- surfaces as pend-).
- The peN- … -an pattern makes abstract nouns from verbs/roots.
Does pengeluaran have other meanings I should know?
- Yes: besides expenses, it can mean output, discharge, emission, or the act of releasing/issuing something. In money contexts, it’s expenses/outflows. Context disambiguates.