Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Dia sama sekali tidak terbiasa bangun pagi belakangan ini. - He/She is not at all used to waking up early lately.

sama sekali intensifies a negation and means at all or completely (not).
Two common placements:
- Before the negator: sama sekali tidak/bukan/belum + predicate (as in the sentence). This is very natural and clear.
- After the predicate: tidak/bukan/belum + predicate + sama sekali (also fine, slightly different emphasis).
Example: Saya sama sekali tidak setuju. / Saya tidak setuju sama sekali.

Why is it tidak, not bukan?

tidak negates verbs and adjectives/stative predicates.
bukan negates nouns and pronouns (and is used for identity/classification).
Here terbiasa is a stative predicate (roughly “accustomed”), so tidak is correct.
Compare:
- Itu bukan ide yang bagus. (noun phrase)
- Saya tidak lelah. (adjective)
- Dia tidak terbiasa… (stative predicate)

What exactly does terbiasa mean? How is it different from biasa?

terbiasa (ter- + biasa) means (to be) used to / accustomed (a state).
biasa alone often means usual/ordinary, and with a verb it can mean to usually do that verb (habit).
Differences:
- Dia terbiasa bangun pagi. = He/She is accustomed to waking early.
- Dia biasa bangun pagi. = He/She usually wakes early (habit/frequency).
Related forms:
- sudah biasa ≈ already used to.
- membiasakan diri (untuk)… = to get oneself used to …
- kebiasaan = habit.

Do I need untuk before the verb after terbiasa?

Not required. Both are acceptable:
- terbiasa bangun…
- terbiasa untuk bangun…
Without untuk is a bit leaner and very common in speech. With untuk is fine, especially before a longer verb phrase.
If the complement is a noun, use terbiasa dengan + noun (e.g., terbiasa dengan cuaca dingin).

Does bangun pagi mean “wake up early” or just “wake up in the morning”?

Literally it’s “wake up in the morning.” In practice, it often implies “early” because morning is early relative to most routines.
To stress “very early,” use:
- pagi-pagi (very early morning)
- pagi buta (before dawn)
- subuh (dawn), sebelum subuh (before dawn)
- dini hari (pre-dawn hours after midnight)
- lebih pagi (earlier)

Can I say bangun awal or bangun cepat?

bangun awal is not idiomatic; say bangun lebih awal (earlier) or bangun pagi / bangun pagi-pagi.
cepat means “fast/quick,” not “early,” so bangun cepat is wrong for time. Use lebih awal or the morning expressions above.

What does belakangan ini mean, and how is it different from akhir-akhir ini or baru-baru ini?

belakangan ini ≈ lately/these days (a stretch of recent time).
akhir-akhir ini ≈ recently/in recent times; very close in meaning and interchangeable with belakangan ini in most contexts.
baru-baru ini = recently for a specific event or a short, fresh time frame (like “the other day”).
Register/variety notes:
- dewasa ini = nowadays (formal).
- kebelakangan ini is common in Malay; in Indonesian you’ll usually see belakangan ini.

Where can I put belakangan ini in the sentence?

End (as given): … bangun pagi belakangan ini.
Beginning: Belakangan ini, dia sama sekali tidak terbiasa bangun pagi.
After the subject: Dia belakangan ini sama sekali tidak terbiasa bangun pagi. All are acceptable; fronting it slightly highlights the time frame.

Is the word order with sama sekali fixed? Can I say Dia tidak terbiasa … sama sekali?

Both are fine:
- Dia sama sekali tidak terbiasa … (strong denial up front)
- Dia tidak terbiasa … sama sekali. (the “at all” punch at the end)
As a short standalone reply, Indonesians say: Tidak sama sekali. (“Not at all.”)

If I remove sama sekali, what changes?

Dia tidak terbiasa… is still correct but less emphatic: “not used to.”
With sama sekali, it becomes stronger: “not at all used to.”
Softer alternatives: kurang terbiasa (not very used to), belum terbiasa (not used to yet).

Could I use ia or beliau instead of dia?

dia = he/she (neutral, common in speech).
ia = he/she (more formal/literary; typically used as a subject in writing). Your sentence works with Ia at the start.
beliau = he/she (honorific for respected elders/officials). Only use when showing respect: Beliau sama sekali tidak terbiasa…

Is dia gendered? How do I specify gender if needed?

dia is gender-neutral. To specify:
- Add a noun: dia (perempuan/laki-laki).
- Use a name or context.
- In writing, some add pria/wanita for male/female, but that’s more noun-like than pronoun-like.

Can I use colloquial nggak/gak/enggak instead of tidak?

Yes, in informal Indonesian:
- Dia sama sekali nggak/gak/enggak terbiasa…
tidak is standard/neutral. tak is a clipped, more formal/literary variant.

Is there a difference between tidak terbiasa and tidak biasa?

tidak terbiasa = not (at all) accustomed (state of not being used to).
tidak biasa can mean:
- “not usual” (unusual/abnormal): Cuaca hari ini tidak biasa.
- Or “doesn’t usually [do X]” when followed by a verb: Dia tidak biasa bangun pagi = He/She doesn’t usually wake early.
For clarity about acclimatization, prefer (tidak) terbiasa.

What about belum: can I say Dia sama sekali belum terbiasa …?

Yes. belum = not yet, implying the situation could change.
Dia sama sekali belum terbiasa bangun pagi… = He/She is not at all used to it yet (but might be later).
tidak is a plain denial with no “yet” nuance.

Why bangun, not membangunkan or bangkit?

Could I say pada pagi hari instead of pagi?

You can, but it’s more formal/explicit: bangun pada pagi hari = wake up in the morning.
The idiomatic everyday expression is simply bangun pagi.