Sepupu laki-laki saya marah karena perangkat rapat hilang.

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Questions & Answers about Sepupu laki-laki saya marah karena perangkat rapat hilang.

Why does the possessive come after the noun in sepupu laki-laki saya? Can I say saya sepupu laki-laki?

In Indonesian, possessive pronouns follow the noun. So it’s sepupu laki-laki saya (my male cousin), not saya sepupu laki-laki. Other options:

  • sepupu saya (my cousin)
  • sepupuku (my cousin; with the suffix -ku)
  • sepupu laki-lakiku (my male cousin; with -ku)
Why is there no word for “to be” before marah?

Indonesian doesn’t use a linking verb like “to be” before adjectives/stative verbs. Marah itself serves as the predicate: Dia marah (He is angry). You can add aspect markers:

  • sedang/lagi marah (is currently angry)
  • sudah/telah marah (has gotten angry)
What’s the difference between marah karena and marah pada/kepada/sama?
  • marah karena explains the reason/cause: He’s angry because X.
  • marah pada/kepada marks the target of the anger: angry at someone. (kepada is more formal; pada is common.)
  • marah sama is informal for “angry at.” You can combine both: Dia marah kepada saya karena perangkat rapat hilang.
Is laki-laki the best way to say “male”? What about lelaki/pria/cowok?

All are possible, with different registers:

  • laki-laki: neutral, common.
  • lelaki: standard/literary.
  • pria: formal or polite (often in forms/signage).
  • cowok: informal/slang (male), counterpart cewek (female). Neutral female terms: perempuan (neutral), wanita (formal/polite).
Do I need the hyphen in laki-laki?
Yes, the standard spelling is laki-laki with a hyphen. You’ll also see lelaki (single word) as a variant. Writing laki laki without a hyphen is nonstandard.
Does perangkat rapat sound natural for “meeting equipment”? How is it different from peralatan/perlengkapan rapat?
  • perangkat rapat can mean “meeting device(s)/apparatus,” and is understood, especially in tech contexts (camera, speakerphone, mic).
  • peralatan rapat focuses on tools/equipment (more common for gear).
  • perlengkapan rapat is “meeting supplies/kit/setup.” For general office gear, peralatan rapat is often the safest choice.
How do I mark “the” in perangkat rapat hilang? Should I add itu or -nya?

Indonesian has no articles. To mark definiteness:

  • perangkat rapat itu hilang (that/the meeting equipment is missing)
  • perangkat rapatnya hilang (the meeting equipment is missing; or his/her meeting equipment, depending on context) Without a marker, definiteness is inferred from context.
Is perangkat rapat hilang a complete clause? Where’s the verb?

Yes. Hilang is a stative predicate meaning “is missing/has disappeared.” Indonesian often uses adjectives/stative verbs as predicates. Related forms:

  • menghilang: to disappear/vanish (intransitive)
  • menghilangkan: to cause something to disappear/remove (transitive)
  • kehilangan: to lose (subject suffers a loss) There’s no standard terhilang.
How do I say “He lost the meeting equipment” versus “The meeting equipment is missing”?
  • He lost it: Dia kehilangan perangkat rapatnya.
  • It is missing: Perangkat rapatnya hilang. The first blames the subject’s losing; the second describes the state of the equipment.
How do I express past or ongoing time here?

Add time words/aspect markers:

  • Past: tadi, kemarin, sudah/telah (e.g., Dia sudah marah karena…)
  • Ongoing: sedang/lagi (e.g., Dia sedang marah karena…)
  • Just now: baru saja Indonesian doesn’t change the verb form for tense.
Do I need a comma before karena?
  • Main clause + karena-clause: generally no comma. Example: Dia marah karena perangkat rapat hilang.
  • Karena-clause first: use a comma. Example: Karena perangkat rapat hilang, dia marah.
Can I start with the reason?
Yes: Karena perangkat rapatnya hilang, sepupu laki-laki saya marah.
Should I use yang: sepupu saya yang laki-laki vs sepupu laki-laki saya?
Both are correct. Sepupu laki-laki saya is a simple descriptive noun phrase. Sepupu saya yang laki-laki slightly emphasizes “the cousin of mine who is male,” often used to distinguish among multiple cousins.
Is perangkat singular or plural here? How do I make it plural?

Number is usually unmarked. Perangkat rapat can mean device(s)/equipment in general. To be explicit:

  • Plural: beberapa perangkat rapat, berbagai perangkat rapat, perangkat-perangkat rapat (the last is grammatical but less common than using quantifiers).
  • For mass equipment: peralatan rapat doesn’t need plural marking.
Is gara-gara okay instead of karena?
Yes, but it’s informal and can feel a bit more emotive/colloquial: Dia marah gara-gara perangkat rapat hilang. In formal contexts, prefer karena.
What other pronoun options could replace saya?
  • Formal/neutral: saya.
  • Informal/intimate: aku; possessive often as -ku (e.g., sepupu laki-lakiku).
  • Very informal/Jakarta: gue/gua (e.g., sepupu laki-laki gue). Choose based on formality and audience.
Do I need a classifier like sebuah before perangkat?
Only if you want to specify one item: sebuah perangkat (a device). For general equipment, no classifier is needed; for sets, you might say satu set peralatan rapat.
What’s the difference between hilang and tidak ada here?
  • hilang: lost/missing (implies it should be there but has gone).
  • tidak ada: not present/doesn’t exist there (neutral absence). Example: Perangkat rapat hilang (it’s gone); Perangkat rapat tidak ada di ruangan (there isn’t any in the room).