Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Sopir kurir menunggu di depan rumah saya. - The courier driver waits in front of my house.

Yes. Sopir kurir literally means a courier-service driver (often a van/truck driver). In everyday speech, people often just say kurir for the person delivering packages (many ride motorcycles). If you need to stress the driving role, sopir kurir or the more formal pengemudi kurir is fine. Note the standard spelling is sopir (not supir), and kurir (not kurier).

Where are the articles? How do I say the courier driver vs a courier driver?

Indonesian has no articles by default.

To make it definite (the), use itu or -nya: Sopir kurir itu/kurirnya menunggu di depan rumah saya.
To make it clearly indefinite (a), use seorang: Seorang sopir kurir menunggu di depan rumah saya.

What tense is this? How do I show present, past, or future?

Indonesian doesn’t inflect for tense. Context or time/aspect words do the job:

Present/ongoing: add sedang (neutral) or lagi (informal) → Sopir kurir sedang/lagi menunggu...
Past: add time words like tadi, barusan, kemarin → Tadi sopir kurir menunggu...
Completed: sudah → Sopir kurir sudah menunggu...
Future: akan, nanti → Sopir kurir akan menunggu...

Does menunggu need an object? Can it be used without saying what you’re waiting for?

Menunggu can take an object, but it doesn’t have to.

With object: Saya menunggu sopir kurir di depan rumah. (I’m waiting for the courier driver.)
Without object: Sopir kurir menunggu di depan rumah saya. (The courier driver is waiting [there].) Synonyms: menanti (more formal), colloquial nunggu.

Why is it di depan rumah saya and not something like di depan dari rumah saya?

Use di depan + noun to say in front of something. You don’t add dari here. So di depan rumah saya is correct. Related options:

di luar rumah saya = outside my house
di halaman depan rumah saya = in my front yard
di depan pintu rumah saya = at my front door

Is the spacing of di important? Is didepan wrong?

Yes, spacing matters. The preposition di is written separately: di depan. Writing didepan is incorrect. Contrast with the passive prefix di-, which attaches to verbs (e.g., ditunggu).

Can I move the place phrase to the front?

Yes, for emphasis or topic-fronting:

Di depan rumah saya, sopir kurir menunggu. This is natural and puts focus on the location. The basic order (as in your sentence) is also perfectly natural.

How do possession and word order work? Why rumah saya and not saya rumah?

Possessors follow the noun: rumah saya (my house). You can also attach the clitic -ku: rumahku (more intimate/poetic). Colloquial forms vary by region: rumah gue/rumah gua (Jakarta slang).

What’s a more informal version of the sentence?

Colloquial Indonesian might shorten words and switch pronouns:

Kurirnya lagi nunggu di depan rumah gue. Changes here: kurirnya (the courier), lagi (ongoing), nunggu (informal), gue (I/me, Jakarta slang).

How do I turn it into a question, like “Is the courier driver waiting in front of my house?” or “Where is he waiting?”

Yes/no (neutral): Apakah sopir kurir menunggu di depan rumah saya?
Yes/no (informal): Apa sopir kurir nunggu di depan rumah saya?
WH (where): Sopir kurir menunggu di mana? or Di mana sopir kurir menunggu?
Tag-question style: Sopir kurir menunggu di depan rumah saya, ya?

How do I negate it or add nuances like “still/not yet/no longer”?

Simple negation: Sopir kurir tidak menunggu di depan rumah saya.
Not yet: Sopir kurir belum menunggu...
Still: Sopir kurir masih menunggu...
No longer: Sopir kurir sudah tidak menunggu...

What happens if I use the passive, like ditunggu?

Ditunggu means “is/are being awaited.” So:

Sopir kurir ditunggu di depan rumah saya = Someone is waiting for the courier driver in front of my house (the courier is the object of waiting). This is different from your sentence, which says the courier is the one doing the waiting.

How do I make it plural: “courier drivers”?

Several options:

Context only (often enough in Indonesian)
Collective: para sopir kurir
Reduplication: sopir-sopir kurir
With a number/quantifier: tiga sopir kurir, beberapa sopir kurir

Could I use other words than di depan to say “in front of” or nearby places?

Yes:

di hadapan (in front of, often face-to-face/formal)
di muka (older/literary)
More specific locations: di depan pintu, di gerbang, di teras, di trotoar

Any pronunciation tips for these words?

sopir: so-PEER (o like in “so”), tapped/flapped Indonesian r
kurir: KOO-reer (both r’s tapped)
menunggu: muh-NOONG-goo (ng = ŋ, like “sing”)
depan: duh-PAHN Indonesian syllables are generally evenly timed, and the r is a quick tap.