Ibu mengizinkan adik belajar di perpustakaan malam ini.

Mother allows my younger sibling to study at the library tonight.

Breakdown of Ibu mengizinkan adik belajar di perpustakaan malam ini.

• di: at
• belajar: to study
• ibu: the mother
• adik: the younger sibling
• perpustakaan: the library
• malam ini: tonight
• mengizinkan: to allow

Questions & Answers about Ibu mengizinkan adik belajar di perpustakaan malam ini.

What exactly does Ibu mean here, and why is it capitalized?

• Ibu can mean “Mom/My mother” when used like a name inside a family; that’s the most natural reading here.
• It can also be a respectful title for an adult woman (like “Ma’am/Mrs.”), especially for a teacher.
• It’s capitalized when used as a proper form of address or title. As a common noun (“a mother”) it’s lowercase: ibu.

How do I explicitly say “my mother” and “my younger sibling”?

• “My mother”: Ibu saya or ibuku.
• “My younger sibling”: adik saya or adikku.
• You don’t need to mark both with “my.” One is enough for clarity, e.g., Ibu mengizinkan adik saya… or Ibu saya mengizinkan adik….

Who is adik? Does it specify gender? Is it the same as “child”?

• adik = younger sibling (gender-neutral). To specify: adik laki-laki (younger brother), adik perempuan (younger sister).
• It is not the same as anak (child/offspring).

What’s the grammatical pattern with mengizinkan in this sentence?

• Pattern: Subject + mengizinkan
  • person + (optional untuk) + verb phrase.
• Here: Ibu (subject) mengizinkan adik (the person who receives permission) (untuk) belajar di perpustakaan malam ini (the allowed action).
• Morphology: meng- + izin + -kan → mengizinkan (“to grant permission”).

Do I need untuk before belajar?

• Both are correct: mengizinkan adik belajar… and mengizinkan adik untuk belajar….
• Adding untuk is slightly more formal or helps clarity when the verb phrase is long.

Can I use agar instead of untuk here?

• Not as a direct complement to mengizinkan. agar means “so that,” introducing purpose/result.
• You could make two clauses: Ibu mengizinkan adik, agar adik bisa belajar…, but that changes the structure.

How is mengizinkan different from membolehkan and membiarkan?

• mengizinkan / membolehkan = “to allow/permit.” mengizinkan feels a bit more formal; memperbolehkan is very formal.
• membiarkan = “to let/leave (alone),” implying non-intervention, not official permission, and can carry a negative nuance.
• Opposite of permitting is melarang (“to forbid”).

Is mengijinkan a valid spelling?

• Standard Indonesian uses mengizinkan (with z). mengijinkan is a common nonstandard variant; avoid it in formal writing.

Why belajar and not mempelajari?

• belajar is intransitive (“to study/learn” in general or at a place), which fits here.
• mempelajari needs an object and emphasizes studying a specific subject: mempelajari biologi. You can also say belajar biologi.

Why di perpustakaan and not ke perpustakaan?

• di marks location (“at/in”): belajar di perpustakaan.
• ke marks movement (“to”): pergi ke perpustakaan (“go to the library”).

Where can I place malam ini in the sentence? Is ini malam correct?

• Most natural: at the end or the beginning.
  • Ibu mengizinkan adik belajar di perpustakaan malam ini.
  • Malam ini, Ibu mengizinkan adik belajar di perpustakaan.
• Don’t say ini malam for “tonight.” Use malam ini.
• Very formal writing may use pada malam ini.

What’s the difference between malam ini and nanti malam?

• Both often translate as “tonight.”
• malam ini refers to “tonight (this evening)” on the calendar.
• nanti malam emphasizes “later tonight” relative to now.

Does malam ini modify “allow” or “study”?

• Default reading: it modifies belajar (the studying happens tonight).
• To highlight the time of granting permission, rewrite:
  • Malam ini, Ibu mengizinkan… (permission given tonight), or
  • Ibu akan mengizinkan… malam ini (explicit future marker).

How would I say this in the passive?

• Adik diizinkan (oleh Ibu) untuk belajar di perpustakaan malam ini.
• Omitting oleh Ibu is fine if the agent is obvious.

Where are “a/the” in “library”? How do I say “the library” vs “a library”?

• Indonesian has no articles. perpustakaan can be “a/the library.”
• Make it definite with itu: perpustakaan itu (“that/the library”).
• Make it explicitly indefinite with sebuah: sebuah perpustakaan (“a library”).

There’s no tense on mengizinkan—how do I show time?

• Indonesian verbs don’t inflect for tense; time is shown with adverbs/context.
• Past: tadi malam Ibu mengizinkan… (last night).
• Future: Ibu akan mengizinkan…; or keep malam ini to imply the study will happen tonight.

Why isn’t there a yang before belajar?

• yang introduces a relative clause modifying a noun. Here, belajar… is the action that adik is permitted to do, not a description of which adik.
• If you needed a relative clause, you’d do something like: Ibu mengizinkan adik yang biasanya belajar di rumah untuk pergi ke perpustakaan.