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Dokumen itu diperiksa dengan teliti oleh petugas.

Dokumen itu diperiksa dengan teliti oleh petugas.
The document is checked carefully by the officer.
FromLesson 10inHardcore Indonesian
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Questions & Answers about Dokumen itu diperiksa dengan teliti oleh petugas.

What type of voice is diperiksa, and how is it formed in Indonesian?

diperiksa is the passive form of the verb periksa (to examine/check). In Indonesian passive constructions you:

  • Add the prefix di- to the verb root (periksa → diperiksa) to show that the subject receives the action.
  • Optionally introduce the agent (the doer) with oleh (by).
Why does the sentence use oleh petugas, and can it be omitted?

oleh petugas means “by the officer.” It identifies who performs the action in a passive sentence.

  • You can omit oleh petugas if you don’t need to specify the agent:
    Dokumen itu diperiksa dengan teliti.
    (The document was examined carefully.)
What role does itu play in Dokumen itu?
itu is a demonstrative pronoun meaning “that.” Placed after a noun, it specifies “that document” rather than “a document” or “this document.”
What is the function of dengan teliti, and why use dengan?

dengan teliti is an adverbial phrase meaning “carefully” or “with care.”

  • teliti itself is an adjective (“careful”).
  • Indonesian often forms adverbs of manner by combining dengan
    • adjective.
Could you translate the sentence word-for-word into English?

Sure:
Dokumen = document
itu = that
diperiksa = was examined
dengan = with
teliti = care/carefully
oleh = by
petugas = officer

→ “That document was examined carefully by the officer.”

How does diperiksa differ from memeriksa?
  • memeriksa is the active form (to examine): “Petugas memeriksa dokumen itu.”
  • diperiksa is the passive form (to be examined): “Dokumen itu diperiksa ….”
Why is dengan teliti placed before oleh petugas rather than after?

In Indonesian, adverbial phrases of manner (dengan teliti) normally follow the verb but precede any agent phrase (oleh petugas). The sequence is:

  1. Subject (Dokumen itu)
  2. Passive verb (diperiksa)
  3. Manner phrase (dengan teliti)
  4. Agent phrase (oleh petugas)
Can you make this sentence active without changing its meaning?

Yes. Swap subject and agent, convert the verb to active:
“Petugas memeriksa dokumen itu dengan teliti.”
(“The officer examined that document carefully.”)

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