Farangurinn minn er of þungur.

Farangurinn means the luggage or the baggage.

The base noun is farangur, which means luggage / baggage. In this sentence it appears as farangurinn, which is the definite form: the luggage.

Because Icelandic usually puts the definite article onto the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

So:

• farangur = luggage
• farangurinn = the luggage

This is a very common Icelandic pattern.

In Icelandic, possessives like minn often come after the noun in ordinary, neutral speech:

• farangurinn minn = my luggage

This pattern is very common with a definite noun.

You may also see a possessive before the noun, for example minn farangur, but that often sounds more emphatic or contrastive, like my luggage rather than someone else’s.

It is singular.

Even though luggage can refer to multiple bags, Icelandic farangur works like English luggage or baggage: it is usually treated as a singular collective noun.

That is why the verb is:

• er = is

not a plural form.

Here of means too in the sense of excessively.

So:

• of þungur = too heavy

This is not related to the English word of, even though it is spelled the same.

A useful comparison:

• mjög þungur = very heavy
• of þungur = too heavy

So of means there is more than is acceptable or convenient.

Because Icelandic adjectives must agree with the noun they describe.

The subject here, farangurinn, is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective also appears in the masculine singular nominative form:

• þungur = heavy

If the noun were different, the adjective form would change too.

Minn is in the nominative masculine singular form.

It matches farangurinn, because it belongs to that noun phrase:

• farangurinn minn = my luggage

So both the possessive and the adjective are showing agreement with the noun.

Er is the present tense of vera, meaning to be.

So:

• er = is

Since farangurinn is singular, Icelandic uses the singular verb form:

• Farangurinn minn er ... = My luggage is ...

Yes, but the meaning changes.

• mjög þungur = very heavy
• of þungur = too heavy

So if you say:

• Farangurinn minn er mjög þungur.

that means your luggage is very heavy, but not necessarily a problem.

If you say:

• Farangurinn minn er of þungur.

that means it is heavier than it should be.

The letter þ is pronounced like the th in think.

So þungur begins with that sound, not with a regular English t.

A rough approximation of þungur for an English speaker is something like THOON-gur, though the real Icelandic pronunciation is more precise than that.

The word order is quite straightforward:

• Farangurinn minn = subject noun phrase
• er = verb
• of þungur = description/predicate

So the structure is basically:

• My luggage
  • is
    • too heavy

In this sentence, Icelandic word order is very similar to English.