Mappan er tóm núna, svo ég þarf að hlaða niður skrám aftur.

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Breakdown of Mappan er tóm núna, svo ég þarf að hlaða niður skrám aftur.

• vera: to be
• núna: now
• að: to

Questions & Answers about Mappan er tóm núna, svo ég þarf að hlaða niður skrám aftur.

Why is mappa written as mappan here?

In Icelandic, the definite article is usually attached to the end of the noun.

• mappa = a folder
• mappan = the folder

So Mappan er tóm... literally starts as The folder is empty....

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Why does the adjective appear as tóm and not some other form?

Adjectives agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

• mappan is feminine, singular, nominative (it’s the subject).
  The matching adjective form is tóm (fem. sg. nom.).

You’ll see other forms in other contexts, e.g.

• neuter: tómt
• masculine: tómur
• plural: tómar / tóm / tómir (depending on gender)

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Is er always used for “is/are” in the present tense?

er is the present tense of að vera (to be) for third-person singular:

• hann/hún/það er = he/she/it is

Other present forms are different, e.g.

• ég er = I am
• við erum = we are
• þeir eru = they are

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What does núna do in the sentence, and where can it go?