Ráðstefnan er í háskólanum í dag.

Breakdown of Ráðstefnan er í háskólanum í dag.

vera
to be
í
at
í dag
today
háskólinn
the university
ráðstefnan
the conference
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Questions & Answers about Ráðstefnan er í háskólanum í dag.

Why is there no separate word for “the” in the Icelandic sentence?

Icelandic usually does not use a separate word for “the”.
Instead, it attaches a definite article ending directly to the noun.

In ráðstefnan er í háskólanum í dag:

  • ráðstefna = conference
  • ráðstefn
    • anráðstefnan = the conference (feminine, nominative, singular, definite)
  • háskóli = university
  • háskóla
    • numháskólanum = the university (masculine, dative, singular, definite)

So the meaning “the conference is at the university today” is expressed without a separate word like English “the”—it is “built into” the noun endings.

What does the ending -an in ráðstefnan mean exactly?

The ending -an makes the noun definite and also shows gender, number, and case.

Base noun:

  • ráðstefna = a conference (feminine, nominative singular, indefinite)

With the definite ending:

  • ráðstefn
    • anráðstefnan = the conference (feminine, nominative singular, definite)

So:

  • ráðstefna = “a conference”
  • ráðstefnan = “the conference”

The -an part is the definite article, equivalent to “the”, but attached to the noun.

Why is it háskólanum and not something like háskólann or just háskóli?

háskólanum is in the dative case, singular, definite. Its form is determined by:

  1. The preposition í (“in / at”), and
  2. The fact that it refers to a specific university (“the university”).

Case:

  • The preposition í can take dative or accusative:
    • dative for location (where something is)
    • accusative for motion into something (where something is going)

In this sentence we talk about where the conference is, not where it is going, so we use dative:

  • í háskólanum = in/at the university (location → dative)
  • If it were motion, it would be:
    • Ég fer í háskólann. = I am going to the university. (motion → accusative háskólann)

Indefinite vs definite:

  • í háskóla = in/at a university (dative, indefinite)
  • í háskólanum = in/at the university (dative, definite)

So háskólanum encodes both “the” and the dative case.

Does í mean “in” or “at” here, and how do I know which English preposition to choose?

The preposition í can correspond to English “in” or “at”, depending on context.

Literally:

  • í = in, into, at, inside (roughly)

In ráðstefnan er í háskólanum í dag:

  • A very literal translation is: “The conference is in the university today.”
  • Natural English usually says “at the university” instead, so we translate it that way.

General guideline:

  • With buildings/institutions, English often prefers “at” where Icelandic uses í:
    • í skólanum → “at school”
    • í vinnunni → “at work”
    • í háskólanum → “at the university”

So you usually choose the English preposition that sounds most natural, even if í is closer to “in” literally.

Could I also say “Í dag er ráðstefnan í háskólanum”? Is that still correct?

Yes, that is correct Icelandic, and it just changes the emphasis slightly.

Both are grammatical:

  • Ráðstefnan er í háskólanum í dag.
    → Neutral word order, mild focus on where it is (at the university), with “today” added.
  • Í dag er ráðstefnan í háskólanum.
    → Puts “Í dag” (today) in first position, emphasizing the time (“As for today, the conference is at the university”).

Icelandic is a verb-second (V2) language:

  • The finite verb (er) must be in second position in main clauses.
  • You can move í dag to the front, but then er still has to be second:
    • Í dag er ráðstefnan í háskólanum.
    • Í dag ráðstefnan er í háskólanum. ❌ (wrong order)
Why is it í dag (two words) for “today”? Is that literally “in day”?

Yes, í dag is literally “in day”, but as a fixed expression it simply means “today”.

Breakdown:

  • í = in
  • dagur = day (noun)
  • dag = day (accusative singular form)
  • í dag → literally “in (this) day” → idiomatically “today”

It’s always written as two separate words:

  • í dag = today

There is also í gær = yesterday (“in yesterday”).

What is the difference between er and other forms like var or verður?

All of these are forms of the verb “to be”, but in different tenses:

  • er = is / am / are (present tense)

    • Ráðstefnan er í háskólanum í dag.
    • The conference is at the university today.
  • var = was / were (past tense)

    • Ráðstefnan var í háskólanum í gær.
    • The conference was at the university yesterday.
  • verður = will be (future tense of að verða “to become / to get / to be (in future)”)

    • Ráðstefnan verður í háskólanum á morgun.
    • The conference will be at the university tomorrow.

In your sentence, er is simply the present tense form meaning “is”.

How do you pronounce ráðstefnan and what is the sound of the letter ð?

Approximate pronunciation in English terms:

  • ráðstefnan[ˈrauθˌstɛmnan]

Breakdown:

  • raú (like English “row” but with a clearer [au] as in “cow”)
  • ð → usually a soft “th” sound (like th in “this”), but:
    • Between vowels it’s voiced [ð].
    • Here, in ráðstefna, it comes before s and is usually devoiced to [θ], like th in “thing”, and can be quite weak or almost unpronounced in fast speech.
  • stefstef (e as in “bed”)
  • nannun (short a, like “nut”)

So a rough English-style approximation might be:

  • “ROWTH-stev-nan”, with the th like in “thing”.

For í dag:

  • í = long ee sound, like in “see”
  • dag:
    • d like English d
    • a like “father” (but short)
    • g at the end is often a soft, slightly fricative sound; many learners approximate it as a quiet g/k sound: something like “da(k)”.

Overall: ráðstefnan er í dag would sound roughly like “ROWTH-stev-nan air ee da(k)”.

Do the accent marks in ráðstefnan and í show where the stress is?

No. In Icelandic, the accent marks do not indicate stress.
They indicate a different vowel quality, not “where to put the stress”.

Key points:

  • Stress in Icelandic is almost always on the first syllable of the word.
    • RÁÐ-stef-nan (stress on ráð)
    • -skó-la-num (stress on )
  • The accent over vowels (á, é, í, ó, ú, ý, æ, ö) means they are distinct vowels, not just “stressed” versions:
    • a vs á are two different sounds.
    • i vs í are two different sounds.

So in your sentence:

  • ráðstefnan → stress on the first syllable (ráð).
  • háskólanum → stress on .
  • í is a long [iː] vowel (like “ee”), but it’s a one-syllable word, so the accent just changes the sound, not the stress pattern.
Does háskóli mean “high school” like in English?

No. háskóli means “university” or “college”, not “high school”.

Etymology:

  • hár / há- = high
  • skóli = school
  • So literally it’s something like “high school” in the sense of higher learning, i.e. university-level.

Some related terms:

  • háskóli = university
  • framhaldsskóli = upper secondary school / sixth form / high school (depending on system)
  • grunnskóli = primary + lower secondary (compulsory school grades for children)

So í háskólanum translates as “at the university”, not “at high school”.