Við förum í göngutúr á morgun.

Breakdown of Við förum í göngutúr á morgun.

við
we
fara
to go
í
to
á morgun
tomorrow
göngutúr
the walk
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Questions & Answers about Við förum í göngutúr á morgun.

What does each word in Við förum í göngutúr á morgun mean, literally?

Word by word:

  • Viðwe (1st person plural subject pronoun, nominative case)
  • förumgo / are going (present tense, 1st person plural of the verb fara = to go)
  • íin / into / to (preposition; here best translated as for or for a in English: go for a walk)
  • göngutúrwalk, stroll (literally something like walking-trip; a noun)
  • áon / at / in (preposition, here used in a time expression)
  • morgunmorning; together á morgun is the idiomatic way to say tomorrow

So a very literal gloss is: We go in walk on morning, which in natural English is We are going for a walk tomorrow.

Why is the verb form förum used, and what is the base form of this verb?

The base (dictionary) form of the verb is fara (to go).

förum is the present tense, 1st person plural form:

  • ég fer – I go
  • þú ferð – you (singular) go
  • hann / hún / það fer – he / she / it goes
  • við förumwe go
  • þið farið – you (plural) go
  • þeir / þær / þau fara – they go

Note the vowel changes: a (in fara) becomes ö (in förum) in the við form, and e in fer. Icelandic has many verbs with such vowel alternations (ablaut).

If förum is present tense, how can the sentence talk about the future (tomorrow)?

Icelandic, like English, often uses the present tense with a future time expression to refer to the future.

  • Við förum í göngutúr á morgun.
    We are going for a walk tomorrow.

The future meaning comes from á morgun (tomorrow), not from a special future tense.

You can make the future even more explicit, for example:

  • Við ætlum að fara í göngutúr á morgun.
    Literally: We intend to go for a walk tomorrow.
  • Við munum fara í göngutúr á morgun.
    More like We will go for a walk tomorrow.

But the simple present förum with a time adverb is completely natural for plans and scheduled actions.

Why is the preposition í used here, and what case does göngutúr take?

Í is a very common preposition meaning in / into / to. It can take accusative or dative, depending on meaning:

  • Movement / directionaccusative
  • Location / statedative

In Við förum í göngutúr, there is movement (we are going into / for a walk), so í governs the accusative case.

göngutúr is a masculine noun. Its forms:

  • Nominative singular: göngutúr
  • Accusative singular: göngutúr (same form)
  • Dative singular: göngutúr (again the same in the singular)
  • Genitive singular: göngutúrs

So here you cannot see the case difference in the form, but grammatically it is accusative because of the movement implied by förum í.

What exactly does göngutúr mean, and how is it formed?

göngutúr is a compound noun:

  • ganga – to walk
    (there is also a noun ganga = a walk, but that is less common in this collocation)
  • gangagöngu (a stem form used in compounds)
  • túr – trip, tour, outing (from Danish / Norwegian)

So göngu + túr → göngutúr: literally walking-trip, meaning a walk, a stroll.

Usage:

  • fara í göngutúrto go for a walk (most standard everyday phrase)
  • fara í gönguferð – also go for a walk/hike, often sounds a bit more like a hike / walking trip than a quick stroll

In normal conversation, í göngutúr is the default way to say for a walk.

Why is there no word for a in göngutúr (no article)?

Icelandic does not have an indefinite article (a / an) like English. A bare noun can mean a [something]:

  • Ég á hund.I have a dog.
  • Ég kaupi bók.I am buying a book.
  • Við förum í göngutúr.We are going for a walk.

Definiteness (the walk) is usually marked by a definite suffix attached to the noun, or by hinn / sú / það in more formal styles:

  • göngutúrinnthe walk
  • Við förum í göngutúrinn á morgun.We are going for the walk tomorrow. (a specific, known walk)

In your sentence, we just mean a walk in general, so the bare form göngutúr is used.

Can I change the word order, for example put á morgun at the beginning?

Yes. Icelandic has a verb-second (V2) word order rule in main clauses: the finite verb usually comes in the second position, but many other parts of the sentence can move around.

Your original:

  • Við förum í göngutúr á morgun.
    (Subject first, then verb: Viðförum)

You can front the time expression:

  • Á morgun förum við í göngutúr.
    (Á morgun is first, but the verb förum still comes second.)

Both are correct and natural. Moving á morgun to the front can add a little emphasis to tomorrow.

What you cannot do (in a neutral main clause) is leave the verb later than second position:

  • Á morgun við förum í göngutúr. – wrong in standard Icelandic
How do I pronounce Við förum í göngutúr á morgun?

Very rough guide (Icelandic pronunciation is quite specific, so this is only approximate):

  • Við – roughly /vɪːð/

    • v like English v
    • i like short i in sit, but long
    • ð is a soft th as in this, but often very weak at the end
  • förum – roughly /ˈfœːrʏm/

    • ö: between e in her (British) and u in fur
    • r is trilled or tapped
    • u is short, a bit like u in put
  • í – /iː/ like a long ee in see

  • göngutúr – roughly /ˈkœiŋkʏˌtʰuːr/

    • Initial g here is unvoiced, sounds closer to k
    • ö again like in förum
    • ng gives a nasal ng sound
    • The t in túr is strongly aspirated, like t in top
  • á – /au/ like ow in cow

  • morgun – roughly /ˈmɔr̥kʏn/

    • r again trilled or tapped
    • g becomes almost a k sound in this cluster
    • Final un is short and reduced

Main stress is on the first syllable of each word, especially Við, FÖrum, GÖNgu‑túr, MORgun.

How would I say We are not going for a walk tomorrow?

You add ekki (not) after the verb:

  • Við förum ekki í göngutúr á morgun.
    We are not going for a walk tomorrow.

Basic pattern in a simple sentence:

  • Subject – finite verb – ekki – (rest of the sentence)

Examples:

  • Við förum ekki. – We are not going.
  • Við förum ekki í göngutúr. – We are not going for a walk.
  • Við förum ekki í göngutúr á morgun. – We are not going for a walk tomorrow.
How do the forms change if I want to say I, you, or they instead of we?

You keep the structure of the sentence, but change the subject pronoun and the verb form of fara:

  • Ég fer í göngutúr á morgun.
    I am going for a walk tomorrow.

  • Þú ferð í göngutúr á morgun.
    You (singular) are going for a walk tomorrow.

  • Hann fer í göngutúr á morgun.
    He is going for a walk tomorrow.

  • Hún fer í göngutúr á morgun.
    She is going for a walk tomorrow.

  • Þau fara í göngutúr á morgun.
    They (mixed or neuter plural) are going for a walk tomorrow.

  • Þeir fara í göngutúr á morgun.
    They (group of men) are going for a walk tomorrow.

  • Þær fara í göngutúr á morgun.
    They (group of women) are going for a walk tomorrow.

Only við förum (we go) and þið farið (you plural go) take the ö / i vowel changes; the third person plural (they) uses fara, like the infinitive.