A blúzon folt és szakadás van.

A helpful breakdown is:

• a = the
• blúzon = on the blouse
• folt = stain / spot
• és = and
• szakadás = tear / rip
• van = is / there is

So the structure is roughly On the blouse, there is a stain and a tear.

Hungarian has two forms of the:

• a before a consonant
• az before a vowel

Since blúzon begins with b, Hungarian uses a: a blúzon.

Because Hungarian often uses a case ending where English uses a preposition.

Here, -on means on and is part of the superessive case:

• blúz = blouse
• blúzon = on the blouse

So instead of a separate word like English on, Hungarian attaches the meaning directly to the noun.

The superessive case has three main forms:

• -on
• -en
• -ön

Which one appears depends mainly on vowel harmony and word shape.
Since blúz contains the back vowel ú, the natural form is -on:

• blúz → blúzon

You do not need to translate this piece by piece every time; it is best learned as the normal on form of the noun.

That is a very common question.

Hungarian often omits is in simple present-tense sentences like:

• Ez egy blúz. = This is a blouse.
• A blúz tiszta. = The blouse is clean.

But in existence / location sentences, van is normally kept:

• A blúzon folt van. = There is a stain on the blouse.

So here van is not just a plain copula; it is part of a there is / there are type structure.

Because Hungarian often leaves out egy in existential sentences when it is simply mentioning that something is present.

So:

• A blúzon folt és szakadás van = There is a stain and a tear on the blouse

This is very natural.

If you want to stress one stain and one tear, you can say:

• A blúzon egy folt és egy szakadás van.

That sounds a little more explicit and countable.

In this kind of existential sentence, Hungarian often uses singular van even when there is a short list of indefinite things.

So folt és szakadás van is natural Hungarian.

The idea is not so much two separate subjects as the presence of these things as one situation.

If the nouns are made clearly plural, then plural vannak is expected:

• A blúzon foltok és szakadások vannak. = There are stains and tears on the blouse.

No. Hungarian word order is flexible and depends a lot on topic and focus.

The given sentence starts with A blúzon, which makes the blouse the topic:

• A blúzon folt és szakadás van.
• roughly: As for the blouse, there is a stain and a tear on it.

You could also say:

• Folt és szakadás van a blúzon.

That version is also correct, and may sound a bit more neutral in some contexts.

It is closer to There is a stain and a tear on the blouse.

Hungarian very often expresses this kind of idea by locating the problem on the object:

• on the blouse
  • there is

That is usually more natural than trying to match the English have structure.

Because the sentence treats the blouse as something already identifiable, but the stain and the tear as new information.

So:

• a blúzon = on the blouse — definite, known item
• folt és szakadás = a stain and a tear — newly mentioned, indefinite

This is a very common information pattern in Hungarian.

You would normally make both nouns plural, and then the verb also becomes plural:

• A blúzon foltok és szakadások vannak.

That means There are stains and tears on the blouse.

So compare:

• folt és szakadás van = a stain and a tear are present
• foltok és szakadások vannak = stains and tears are present