A ruhatisztító nyitva van.

A means the.

Hungarian has two forms of the definite article:

• a before a consonant sound
• az before a vowel sound

Since ruhatisztító starts with r, you use a:

• a ruhatisztító = the dry cleaner

Compare:

• a bolt = the shop
• az iskola = the school

Ruhatisztító means dry cleaner or dry-cleaning shop, depending on context.

It is built from parts:

• ruha = clothing, clothes
• tisztító = cleaner / cleaning place / something that cleans

So literally it is something like clothes-cleaner.

In this sentence, it most naturally refers to the shop/business, not a person.

Usually, in this sentence, it refers to the shop.

So A ruhatisztító nyitva van. is understood as:

• The dry cleaner's is open.
• more naturally in English: The dry cleaner is open.

Hungarian often uses the name of a business or place without adding a separate word for shop.

Nyitva means open in the sense of not closed or open for business.

It is the normal Hungarian word used in expressions like:

• Nyitva van. = It is open.
• Zárva van. = It is closed.

Even though English just uses the adjective open, Hungarian commonly uses this -va/-ve form with van.

This is a very common learner question.

In Hungarian:

• nyitva van = is open, is in an open state
• nyitott = opened / open, but often with a more descriptive or result-like sense

For shops, doors, windows, offices, etc., nyitva van is the normal everyday expression.

So for business hours, you would usually say:

• A bolt nyitva van. = The shop is open.

If you say nyitott, it can sound more like describing something as open/opened rather than simply stating that it is currently open for customers.

That is true in many sentences, but not in this kind of expression.

Hungarian often omits van in the 3rd person singular present with nouns and adjectives:

• A bolt nagy. = The shop is big.
• Ő tanár. = He/She is a teacher.

But with forms like nyitva, zárva, becsukva, kinyitva, Hungarian normally uses van:

• Nyitva van. = It is open.
• Zárva van. = It is closed.

So here van is required.

The sentence is:

• A ruhatisztító = the dry cleaner
• nyitva van = is open

So the basic structure is:

subject + state/expression

Hungarian word order is flexible, but this version is a neutral statement:

• A ruhatisztító nyitva van. = The dry cleaner is open.

If you changed the emphasis, the word order could change too.

Yes.

• A ruhatisztító nyitva van.
• Nyitva van a ruhatisztító.

Both are correct.

The difference is mainly one of information focus and style:

• A ruhatisztító nyitva van. sounds like a neutral statement about the dry cleaner.
• Nyitva van a ruhatisztító. can sound a bit more like The dry cleaner is open with emphasis on the fact that it is open.

Both are very natural.

The simplest way is with intonation in speech:

• A ruhatisztító nyitva van? = Is the dry cleaner open?

You can also use a more explicitly question-like word order:

• Nyitva van a ruhatisztító?

Both are natural. In everyday Hungarian, intonation often does a lot of the work.

A rough guide:

ru-ha-tisz-tí-tó

Things to notice:

• every written vowel is pronounced
• stress in Hungarian is always on the first syllable
• sz is pronounced like English s
• s alone in Hungarian is pronounced like English sh
• tí has a long í
• tó has a long ó

So tisztító is not pronounced the way an English speaker might guess from the spelling.

Because it is the subject of the sentence, and Hungarian nouns in the singular dictionary form often appear with no extra ending when they are subjects.

So:

• a ruhatisztító = the dry cleaner
• no case ending is needed here

Hungarian adds endings mostly when the noun has a grammatical role like to, in, from, with, etc.

Most directly, ruhatisztító means a dry cleaner / dry-cleaning shop.

A laundry or laundromat would usually be expressed differently, for example with another word depending on exactly what kind of place you mean.

So if the intended meaning shown to the learner is The dry cleaner is open, this sentence matches that well.

Yes, very often.

This pattern is extremely useful:

• A bolt nyitva van. = The shop is open.
• A bank nyitva van. = The bank is open.
• Az étterem nyitva van. = The restaurant is open.
• A múzeum zárva van. = The museum is closed.

So [place] + nyitva van / zárva van is a very common and practical pattern to learn.