Ma új hónap kezdődik.

• ma = today
• új = new
• hónap = month
• kezdődik = begins / starts

So the sentence is literally Today new month begins, which in natural English is A new month begins today or Today a new month begins.

Not necessarily. In Hungarian, articles are often omitted where English would use a/an.

So:

• Ma új hónap kezdődik. = Today a new month begins.
• Ma egy új hónap kezdődik. is also possible, but egy can add a slight sense of one / a certain new month, or simply sound a bit more explicit.

In many neutral statements, Hungarian can leave out the indefinite article naturally.

This is a very common question.

• kezd is usually transitive, meaning to start something
  • Kezdem a munkát. = I’m starting the work.
• kezdődik is intransitive, meaning to begin / to get started
  • A film kezdődik. = The film is beginning.

So in Ma új hónap kezdődik, the month itself is what begins, so kezdődik is the natural choice.

kezdődik is:

• present tense
• 3rd person singular
• from the verb kezdődik = to begin

It agrees with the subject új hónap (a new month), which is singular.

So:

• hónap = singular noun
• kezdődik = begins

The subject is új hónap = a new month.

Hungarian does not always need an article for an indefinite subject, so even without egy, új hónap is still the subject.

The structure is basically:

• Ma = time expression
• új hónap = subject
• kezdődik = verb

Yes, Hungarian word order is flexible, but different orders change the focus or emphasis.

Ma új hónap kezdődik is a natural, neutral sentence with ma as the topic: As for today, a new month begins.

Other possible orders:

• Új hónap kezdődik ma.
  More like A new month begins today, with today added at the end.

• Ma kezdődik az új hónap.
  This puts stronger attention on the verb position after ma, often like It is today that the new month begins.

So the original sentence is perfectly normal, but Hungarian word order often reflects information structure, not just grammar.

Yes, you could.

That version is also grammatical, but it sounds a little different in structure and emphasis.

• Ma új hónap kezdődik. = neutral, simple statement
• Ma kezdődik egy új hónap. = slightly more like Today a new month is starting

The original version is very idiomatic and compact.

In Hungarian, adjectives used before a noun usually do not agree the way they do in many Indo-European languages.

So:

• új hónap = new month
• új ház = new house
• új könyv = new book

The adjective új stays the same here.

Hungarian adjectives only take endings in certain situations, for example when they are used on their own as predicate adjectives or when they themselves receive case/number marking.

Yes, ma is the normal word for today.

Examples:

• Ma dolgozom. = I’m working today.
• Ma meleg van. = It’s warm today.
• Ma új hónap kezdődik. = Today a new month begins.

It is a very common time adverb.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• Ma ≈ mah
• új ≈ something like oo-y
• hónap ≈ hoe-nawp
• kezdődik ≈ kehz-doe-dik

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• á is a long vowel, different from short a
• ó and ő are also long vowels
• j is pronounced like English y
• stress in Hungarian normally falls on the first syllable of each word:
  • MA
  • Új
  • HÓ-nap
  • KEZ-dő-dik

Yes, it does. It is short, natural, and idiomatic.

A native speaker would understand it immediately as a normal statement meaning that a new month starts today.

Depending on context, a speaker might also say:

• Ma kezdődik az új hónap.
• Ma egy új hónap kezdődik.

But Ma új hónap kezdődik is absolutely fine.

Both can mean roughly the same thing, but the nuance is a little different.

• Ma új hónap kezdődik.
  More neutral: Today a new month begins.

• Ma kezdődik az új hónap.
  More like The new month begins today, with az új hónap sounding more specific and known.

So the choice of article and word order can shift what is treated as new information and what is treated as already known.

Usually it would be understood as a calendar fact: today is the first day of a new month.

But grammatically, it could also be used in a broader or figurative context if the situation made that clear.

For example, in a poetic or symbolic context, új hónap kezdődik could still simply mean a new month is beginning. The sentence itself is straightforward and not especially poetic; the context would decide that.