A bejelentő a bíróságra megy.

Because a is the Hungarian definite article, like the in English.

Here it appears before both nouns:

• a bejelentő = the reporter / the complainant / the informant
• a bíróságra = to the court

Hungarian normally uses the definite article before nouns more often than English does in some expressions.

Also:

• a is used before a consonant sound
• az is used before a vowel sound

So you get:

• a bejelentő
• a bíróság
• but az ember

Because Hungarian often marks direction directly on the noun with a suffix.

Here, -ra shows movement toward / to something:

• bíróság = court
• bíróságra = to court / to the court

So instead of using a separate word like English to, Hungarian attaches a case ending to the noun.

In this sentence:

• a bíróságra megy = goes to court

-ra / -re is a directional case ending. Its basic idea is movement onto / to something.

With places and institutions, Hungarian often uses this ending idiomatically, even where English just says to.

So:

• iskolára would not normally be used this way, but
• iskolába megy = goes to school
• bíróságra megy = goes to court

A useful pattern here is:

• bíróságra = to court
• bíróságon = at court / in court

So the sentence uses the form that matches motion toward the place.

This is mostly determined by vowel harmony.

• -ra is used after words with back vowels
• -re is used after words with front vowels

Examples:

• házra
• padra
• földre
• székre

In bíróság, the word takes the back-vowel version, so it becomes bíróságra.

Hungarian vowel harmony is a big system, and sometimes mixed-vowel words have to be learned individually, but this is the basic rule.

Megy is the 3rd person singular present tense form of the verb menni = to go.

So:

• megyek = I go / I am going
• mész = you go / you are going
• megy = he/she goes / is going

In the sentence:

• A bejelentő a bíróságra megy = The complainant goes / is going to court

Hungarian present tense can often mean either a general action or an action happening now, depending on context.

Because Hungarian usually leaves subject pronouns out unless they are needed for emphasis or contrast.

The verb ending already tells you the person:

• megy = he/she/it goes

So a separate pronoun such as ő is not necessary.

You could say:

• Ő a bíróságra megy

but that usually adds emphasis, something like:

• He/She is the one going to court

Bejelentő comes from the verb bejelent = to report, announce, notify.

The ending -ő often creates a person or thing that does the action.

So literally, bejelentő is something like:

• reporter
• notifier
• the person making the report

Depending on context, it may be translated as:

• complainant
• informant
• reporting person

So it is a role word built from a verb.

Because article usage does not match perfectly between English and Hungarian.

English often omits the article in expressions like:

• go to court
• go to school
• be in prison

Hungarian may still use the definite article in similar expressions:

• a bíróságra
• az iskolába
• a börtönbe

So you should not expect article use to map word-for-word from English.

No, Hungarian word order is flexible, but it is not random. Different orders can change emphasis.

The sentence:

• A bejelentő a bíróságra megy

is a neutral, natural way to say it.

It roughly presents:

• topic: A bejelentő
• then the destination: a bíróságra
• then the verb: megy

You may also hear other orders, for example:

• A bíróságra megy a bejelentő

This can put more focus on to court.

So Hungarian word order often reflects information structure and emphasis, not just grammar.

A few key pronunciation points:

• Stress is always on the first syllable of each word in Hungarian.
• Accent marks show vowel length or vowel quality and must be pronounced clearly.

Roughly:

• A = short aw
• bejelentő ≈ BEH-ye-len-tő
• a
• bíróságra ≈ BEE-roh-shaag-raw
• megy ≈ somewhat like medy with a soft dy sound

A few details:

• j is pronounced like English y
• gy is a special Hungarian sound, somewhat like a soft dy
• ő is a long front rounded vowel, with no exact English equivalent

It can mean both.

Hungarian present tense often covers both:

• a general/habitual action: goes
• an action happening now: is going

So without extra context:

• A bejelentő a bíróságra megy

could mean either:

• The complainant goes to court
• The complainant is going to court

Context tells you which is meant.

Bíróságra is in the sublative case, marked by -ra / -re.

The base form is:

• bíróság = court

The directional form is:

• bíróságra = to court

A common related location form is:

• bíróságon = at court / in court

So you can think of the pattern as:

• bíróság = court
• bíróságra megy = goes to court
• bíróságon van = is at court / is in court