A bankfiók ma nyitva van.

A is the Hungarian definite article, so it usually corresponds to English the.

• a is used before words that begin with a consonant
• az is used before words that begin with a vowel

So:

• a bankfiók = the bank branch
• az iskola = the school

It is not the same as English a/an. The Hungarian indefinite article is egy.

Bankfiók is a compound noun:

• bank = bank
• fiók = drawer, but in compounds it can also mean branch or local office

So bankfiók means bank branch.

Hungarian very often forms compound nouns as one word, especially when English would use two separate words. So bank branch becomes bankfiók, not bank fiók.

Because it is the subject of the sentence, and Hungarian subjects are normally in the nominative, which usually has no visible ending.

So:

• bankfiók = subject form
• no extra suffix is needed

Hungarian adds endings mostly when a noun has another role, such as:

• bankfiókban = in the bank branch
• bankfiókhoz = to the bank branch
• bankfiókot = the bank branch as a direct object

But as a plain subject, bankfiók stays unchanged.

Yes. Ma is a time adverb, meaning today.

It does not need any extra ending here. It simply tells you when the statement is true.

Hungarian uses many simple time adverbs like this:

• ma = today
• holnap = tomorrow
• tegnap = yesterday
• most = now

So in this sentence, ma gives the time frame: the branch is open today.

Because nyitva van is the normal way to say that something is in an open state.

• nyitva means something like open / standing open
• van = is

Together, nyitva van means is open.

This is very common in Hungarian with words like:

• nyitva van = is open
• zárva van = is closed
• csukva van = is shut

By contrast, nyitott can exist, but it often feels different in meaning. It may mean opened, or in some contexts open-minded / open, depending on the word it describes. So for shops, offices, branches, doors, and so on, nyitva van is the safer and more natural pattern.

It behaves a bit like an adjective in English translation, but grammatically it is better thought of as a special participial/adverbial form.

It comes from the verb nyit = to open, and nyitva describes the resulting state: being open.

That is why Hungarian often uses it with van:

• Az ajtó nyitva van. = The door is open.
• Az üzlet nyitva van. = The shop is open.

So although English translates it with an adjective, Hungarian structure is a little different.

That is a very good question. Hungarian does often omit van in the 3rd person singular present tense, but mainly with noun or adjective predicates.

For example:

• A bank nagy. = The bank is big.
• Ő tanár. = He/She is a teacher.

But with forms like nyitva, Hungarian normally keeps van:

• A bankfiók nyitva van.

So this is one of the cases where English is and Hungarian van do match.

Yes. Hungarian word order is flexible, and changing it often changes emphasis rather than basic meaning.

These are all possible, with slightly different focus:

• A bankfiók ma nyitva van. = neutral, natural
• Ma a bankfiók nyitva van. = emphasis on today
• A bankfiók nyitva van ma. = also possible, often slightly more marked or conversational

So the original sentence is a normal neutral way to say it, but other orders can also be correct depending on what you want to stress.

Yes, if you mean the bank in a general sense. But bankfiók is more specific: it means a particular branch.

So:

• A bank ma nyitva van. = The bank is open today.
• A bankfiók ma nyitva van. = The bank branch is open today.

If you are talking about a physical local branch, bankfiók is more precise.

Both can often be translated as is open, but they are not exactly the same.

• nyitva van describes the state: it is open
• nyitva tart emphasizes that it keeps itself open / is operating during opening hours

For a bank branch, both may appear in real Hungarian, but the nuance is slightly different:

• A bankfiók ma nyitva van. = The branch is open today.
• A bankfiók ma nyitva tart. = The branch is open for business today / keeps open today.

In many everyday situations, learners will hear both.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation guide would be:

bank-fyohk

A few useful points:

• stress is on the first syllable: BANKfiók
• a is like the o in British lot or a short open a
• ió contains a long ó sound
• k is always clearly pronounced

And in Hungarian, every word normally has stress on the first syllable, so in the full sentence you would say:

A BANKfiók ma NYITva van.

The main word-level stress stays near the beginning of each word.