אם ירד גשם מחר, אני אסע באוטובוס.

Here אם means if and introduces a condition.

A useful extra note: אם can also mean whether in other sentences, but in this sentence it clearly means if.

That is a very common question. In Hebrew, a real future condition normally uses the future tense after אם:

• אם ירד גשם מחר = if it rains tomorrow
• literally closer to if rain will fall tomorrow

So Hebrew and English handle this differently:

• English: If it rains tomorrow, I'll go by bus.
• Hebrew: אם ירד גשם מחר, אני אסע באוטובוס.

Do not copy the English tense pattern into Hebrew here.

Yes. Without vowel marks, ירד can be ambiguous.

It can represent:

• יָרַד = he went down / descended (past)
• יֵרֵד = he will go down / it will fall (future)

In this sentence, the context makes the future meaning clear:

• אם signals a condition
• מחר means tomorrow

So אם ירד גשם מחר must be understood as a future idea.

You may also see the fuller spelling יירד for the future, which makes the reading clearer.

Because Hebrew does not need a dummy subject like English it in weather expressions.

English says:

• it rains

Hebrew says something more like:

• rain falls / will fall

So in ירד גשם, the real subject is גשם = rain. There is no separate word for it.

Literally, it means rain will go down or rain will fall.

This is the normal Hebrew way to express it will rain. Hebrew often describes rain as something that comes down.

So:

• ירד גשם = it will rain
• literal idea: rain will fall

Because verb + subject order is very normal in Hebrew.

So ירד גשם is a natural Hebrew pattern. English usually prefers subject + verb, but Hebrew is more flexible.

In this sentence, starting with the verb sounds completely natural. It presents the event first, then names what is doing it.

Because Hebrew puts future meaning directly into the verb form.

For example:

• אסע = I will travel / I will go
• ירד here = will fall / will rain

English often uses will, but Hebrew usually does not need a separate helping word for the future.

The basic verb is נסע / לנסוע, meaning to travel or to go by vehicle.

In the future tense, verbs that begin with נ often lose that נ after the future prefix. So:

• נסע → אסע = I will travel

That is why you do not see the נ in אסע.

Yes, it could.

Hebrew often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb already shows the person:

• אסע already means I will travel

So both are possible:

• אני אסע באוטובוס
• אסע באוטובוס

Including אני can add a little clarity, emphasis, or natural rhythm, but it is not strictly necessary.

The ב־ is a preposition meaning in, on, or by, depending on context.

In Hebrew, short prepositions are usually attached directly to the next word, so:

• ב + אוטובוס → באוטובוס

In this sentence, באוטובוס means by bus or on the bus, meaning the means of transportation.

A small spelling note: without vowel marks, באוטובוס can hide more than one pronunciation, but the basic meaning here is clear from context.

Yes. That is completely correct.

Both of these are natural:

• אם ירד גשם מחר, אני אסע באוטובוס.
• אני אסע באוטובוס אם ירד גשם מחר.

The meaning stays the same. The difference is mostly about emphasis:

• starting with אם... highlights the condition first
• starting with אני אסע... highlights the main action first

Usually, no.

Hebrew often leaves out then in this kind of sentence:

• אם ירד גשם מחר, אני אסע באוטובוס.

You can add אז for emphasis or a more spoken feel:

• אם ירד גשם מחר, אז אני אסע באוטובוס.

But it is optional.

When the if-clause comes first, a comma is normally used:

• אם ירד גשם מחר, אני אסע באוטובוס.

If the main clause comes first, the comma is often omitted:

• אני אסע באוטובוס אם ירד גשם מחר.

So the punctuation in your sentence is standard and natural.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

Im yered geshem machar, ani esa ba'otobus.

A few helpful notes:

• ch in machar is like the sound in Scottish loch or German Bach
• yered is the future reading here
• esa = I will travel

Depending on pronunciation and interpretation, באוטובוס may sound closer to ba'otobus or be'otobus, but either way the meaning here is by bus / on the bus.