האיש שוקל את הירקות על המשקל ואומר שהכול ביחד פחות מקילוגרם אחד.

את is the marker of a definite direct object.

Here, הירקות means the vegetables, so it is definite, and Hebrew normally puts את before it:

• האיש שוקל את הירקות = The man weighs the vegetables

A few useful points:

• את usually does not get translated into English.
• You use it before a direct object that is definite:
  • with ה־ (the)
  • with names
  • with pronoun suffixes, etc.
• If the object were indefinite, you would usually leave it out:
  • האיש שוקל ירקות = The man weighs vegetables

שוקל is the masculine singular present-tense form of the verb לשקול (to weigh).

So it agrees with האיש (the man), which is masculine singular.

In context, שוקל can mean either:

• weighs
• is weighing

Hebrew present tense often covers both the English simple present and present progressive, depending on context.

Also, the verb לשקול can mean both:

• to weigh something
• to consider something

But here, because of the vegetables and the scale, it clearly means to weigh.

Because in Hebrew, the verb to be is usually omitted in the present tense.

So:

• הכול ביחד פחות מקילוגרם אחד literally looks like: everything together less than one kilogram
• but in natural English it means: everything together is less than one kilogram

This is very normal in Hebrew.

Compare:

• הוא עייף = He is tired
• הבית גדול = The house is big
• הכול פחות מקילוגרם אחד = Everything is less than one kilogram

In past and future, Hebrew does use forms of to be more explicitly when needed.

The ש is short for ש־, which means that.

So:

• ואומר = and says
• שהכול... = that everything...

This is extremely common in Hebrew. The ש־ is usually attached directly to the next word:

• אני חושב ש... = I think that...
• הוא אומר ש... = He says that...
• ברור ש... = It’s clear that...

So ואומר שהכול ביחד... means and says that everything together...

Yes. הכול and הכל are spelling variants of the same word, usually pronounced hakol.

They mean:

• everything
• all of it
• sometimes the whole thing, depending on context

So in this sentence:

• שהכול ביחד = that everything together / that all of it together

You will see both spellings in modern Hebrew. The meaning is the same.

Yes, it could also say יחד. Both mean together.

In this sentence:

• הכול ביחד = everything together

A rough nuance:

• ביחד is very common in everyday speech
• יחד can sound a little shorter, sometimes slightly more formal or literary, depending on context

In many sentences they are interchangeable.

So these would both sound natural:

• הכול ביחד פחות מקילוגרם אחד
• הכול יחד פחות מקילוגרם אחד

על המשקל literally means on the scale, which fits the physical image: the vegetables are placed on the scale.

So:

• שוקל את הירקות על המשקל = weighs the vegetables on the scale

A learner may expect במשקל, but that usually feels less physical here. על המשקל is clearer for an object resting on the scale.

So the basic idea is:

• על המשקל = on the scale
• it emphasizes the actual surface/device being used

After פחות (less) and יותר (more), Hebrew uses מ־ to mean than.

So:

• פחות מקילוגרם אחד = less than one kilogram
• literally: less from one kilogram

This is a very important pattern:

• פחות מ־... = less than...
• יותר מ־... = more than...

Examples:

• פחות משעה = less than an hour
• יותר מעשרה אנשים = more than ten people

So the מ־ here is not part of kilogram; it is the comparative marker than.

Two things are happening here:

1. The noun is masculine

קילוגרם is a masculine noun, so the word for one must also be masculine:

• קילוגרם אחד = one kilogram

Not:

• קילוגרם אחת

because אחת is feminine.

2. With the number one, Hebrew usually puts the number after the noun

So Hebrew says:

• קילוגרם אחד
• ספר אחד = one book
• ילדה אחת = one girl

That is different from English, which puts one before the noun.

So קילוגרם אחד is the normal Hebrew word order.

Yes. In everyday Hebrew, קילו is very common as a shorter way to say kilogram.

So these are both natural:

• פחות מקילוגרם אחד
• פחות מקילו

The full version, קילוגרם אחד, may sound a bit more explicit or careful. The shorter קילו is very common in normal conversation.

A simple transliteration is:

ha-ish shokel et ha-yerakot al ha-mishkal ve-omer she-hakol be-yachad pachot mi-kilogram echad

A few pronunciation notes:

• האיש = ha-ish
• שוקל = shokel
• הירקות = ha-yerakot
• המשקל = ha-mishkal
• ואומר = ve-omer
• שהכול = she-hakol
• ביחד = be-yachad
• פחות = pachot
• מקילוגרם = mi-kilogram
• אחד is often pronounced roughly like echad in learner transliteration

If you want, this can also be broken into chunks:

האיש שוקל את הירקות / על המשקל / ואומר / שהכול ביחד / פחות מקילוגרם אחד