אני יכולה לקרוא בלי שמאמץ העיניים מפריע לי.

Because the speaker is female.

In Hebrew, יכול / יכולה agrees with the subject:

• אני יכול = I can (said by a male)
• אני יכולה = I can (said by a female)

So in this sentence, אני יכולה לקרוא tells you the speaker is feminine.

Hebrew often expresses can / be able to with the adjective-like form יכול / יכולה plus an infinitive.

So:

• אני יכולה לקרוא = I can read
• literally, it is something like I am able to read

This is the normal way to say can in present tense Hebrew.

Because after יכול / יכולה, Hebrew normally uses an infinitive.

So the pattern is:

• יכול/יכולה + infinitive

Examples:

• אני יכולה לקרוא = I can read
• הוא יכול לבוא = He can come
• אנחנו יכולים להבין = We can understand

Here, לקרוא is the infinitive to read.

בלי ש־ means without ... followed by a whole clause.

In this sentence:

• בלי שמאמץ העיניים מפריע לי
• literally: without eye strain bothering me

This structure is used when what comes after without is a full action or situation, not just a single noun.

Compare:

• בלי מים = without water
• בלי לדבר = without speaking
• בלי שמישהו יראה = without anyone seeing

So בלי ש־ is very common when Hebrew wants to say without X happening.

The ש־ introduces a subordinate clause, similar to that or sometimes just a clause marker in English.

Here it connects בלי to the full clause:

• מאמץ העיניים מפריע לי

So:

• בלי שמאמץ העיניים מפריע לי = without eye strain bothering me

You can think of ש־ here as helping Hebrew say without [the fact that / without the situation where] eye strain bothers me.

Because the grammatical subject is מאמץ, which is masculine singular.

The phrase מאמץ העיניים means eye strain or literally strain of the eyes. Even though העיניים is plural, the head word is מאמץ, and that is what controls agreement.

So:

• מאמץ = masculine singular
• therefore: מפריע = masculine singular

Not:

• מפריעים = masculine plural
• מפריעה = feminine singular

This is a very common point in Hebrew construct phrases: the first noun is what determines agreement.

It is a construct phrase (סמיכות), literally the strain of the eyes.

Structure:

• מאמץ = strain, effort
• העיניים = the eyes

Together:

• מאמץ העיניים = eye strain

In English we often use a noun directly before another noun (eye strain), but Hebrew often expresses this with a construct relationship: X of Y.

So this is not saying the eyes are doing the straining as a verb; it is naming the condition/problem: eye strain.

Because in a construct phrase, definiteness can come from the second noun.

So:

• מאמץ עיניים = eye strain / strain of eyes
• מאמץ העיניים = the eye strain / the strain of the eyes

In Hebrew construct chains, the first noun usually does not take ה־. The definiteness is marked on the second noun and applies to the whole phrase.

That is why מאמץ העיניים is correct, not המאמץ העיניים.

לי means to me, and with להפריע it is the person affected by the disturbance.

So:

• מפריע לי = bothers me / disturbs me

The verb הפריע often works like this:

• זה מפריע לי = that bothers me
• הרעש מפריע להם = the noise bothers them

Hebrew commonly places this pronoun after the verb, so מפריע לי is the natural order.

Usually, בלי להפריע לי would suggest without bothering me, but it does not clearly express the same thing here.

Why? Because the subject of the main clause is I, but the thing doing the bothering in the second part is eye strain.

• main clause subject: אני
• subordinate clause subject: מאמץ העיניים

When the subject changes, Hebrew often prefers בלי ש־ + finite verb:

• בלי שמאמץ העיניים מפריע לי

If the subject stayed the same, an infinitive would be more natural. For example:

• אני קוראת בלי להתלונן = I read without complaining

So in your sentence, בלי ש־ is the clearer and more natural choice.

Yes, the word order is natural.

The sentence is built like this:

• אני יכולה לקרוא
• בלי שמאמץ העיניים מפריע לי

That is a normal Hebrew structure: main clause first, then the without... clause.

You could sometimes rephrase it in other ways, for example with a different vocabulary choice, but this sentence itself is perfectly natural and grammatically clear.

Only יכולה would change to יכול:

• אני יכול לקרוא בלי שמאמץ העיניים מפריע לי.

Everything else stays the same.

So:

• female speaker: אני יכולה
• male speaker: אני יכול