השוכר לא מסכים לניכוי בגלל שאין אסמכתה.

Because ה- at the beginning is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

• שוכר = tenant / renter
• השוכר = the tenant

So the word is made of:

• ה = the
• שוכר = tenant / renter

In housing contexts, שוכר usually means tenant.

Not always. Literally, שוכר is someone who rents something.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• tenant
• renter
• lessee

In an apartment or housing context, English usually prefers tenant.

It comes from the verb לשכור, to rent / to hire.

מסכים is the masculine singular present-tense form of להסכים, meaning to agree.

So:

• מסכים = agrees / is agreeing
• here, more naturally: agrees

Because the subject השוכר is masculine singular, the verb form matches it.

Related forms:

• מסכימה = feminine singular
• מסכימים = masculine plural
• מסכימות = feminine plural

לא is the normal word for not when negating a verb.

So:

• מסכים = agrees
• לא מסכים = does not agree

This is the standard way to negate present and future verbs in Hebrew.

Because they do different jobs.

• לא negates a verb: לא מסכים = does not agree
• אין expresses there is no / there isn’t

So in this sentence:

• לא מסכים = does not agree
• אין אסמכתה = there is no supporting document / proof

This is a very common distinction in Hebrew.

The ל- means to.

The verb להסכים usually takes ל- after it:

• להסכים ל־... = to agree to ...

So:

• מסכים לניכוי = agrees to the deduction / agrees to a deduction

The noun ניכוי means deduction, withholding, or sometimes subtraction, depending on context.

In unpointed Hebrew spelling, it can be unclear just from the letters.

לניכוי could represent:

• לְניכוי = to a deduction
• לַניכוי = to the deduction

In normal modern Hebrew writing, vowel points are usually omitted, so context tells you which one is intended.

In a legal or rental context, English often uses the deduction if a specific deduction is already being discussed.

Literally, it is:

• בגלל = because of / because
• שאין = that there is no / that there isn’t

Together:

• בגלל שאין אסמכתה = because there is no supporting document

A useful thing to know is that שאין is really:

• ש־ = that
• אין = there is no / there isn’t

So שאין = that there is no.

Yes, this is normal in modern Hebrew.

Traditionally, some teachers prefer:

• מפני ש־
• משום ש־

for because before a whole clause.

But in everyday modern Hebrew, בגלל ש־ is extremely common and natural.

So:

• בגלל הבעיה = because of the problem
• בגלל שאין אסמכתה = because there is no supporting document

Both are normal.

אסמכתה is a fairly formal word. It usually means:

• supporting document
• documentation
• written proof
• reference / authorization, depending on context

In bureaucratic, legal, or business Hebrew, it often refers to some document or evidence that justifies an action.

So here it means something like:

• supporting documentation
• proof
• written backing

It is more formal than a simple word like הוכחה (proof) in many contexts.

Because the sentence is saying there is no supporting document, not necessarily referring to one specific known document.

So:

• אין אסמכתה = there is no supporting document
• אין האסמכתה would not be natural here

If you wanted to refer to a specific known document, Hebrew would usually phrase it differently, for example:

• אין את האסמכתה
• האסמכתה לא קיימת
• האסמכתה לא הוצגה

But in this sentence, the indefinite form is the natural one.

Yes, but the tone changes.

• השוכר לא מסכים לניכוי... = normal modern Hebrew
• השוכר אינו מסכים לניכוי... = more formal, more written, sometimes more official

Both are correct.
In everyday speech, לא מסכים is much more common.

Only the words that agree with the subject need to change.

Examples:

• השוכרת לא מסכימה לניכוי בגלל שאין אסמכתה.
  The female tenant does not agree to the deduction because there is no supporting document.

• השוכרים לא מסכימים לניכוי בגלל שאין אסמכתה.
  The tenants do not agree to the deduction because there is no supporting document.

• השוכרות לא מסכימות לניכוי בגלל שאין אסמכתה.
  The female tenants do not agree to the deduction because there is no supporting document.

Notice that אין אסמכתה does not change, because אין does not agree with the subject in the same way the present-tense verb does.