Τινάζω τη σφουγγαρίστρα έξω, γιατί έχει πολλή σκόνη.

Because σφουγγαρίστρα is the direct object of the verb τινάζω.

• η σφουγγαρίστρα = the mop as the subject form
• τη σφουγγαρίστρα = the mop as the object form

Greek articles change with case:

• η = nominative feminine singular
• τη(ν) = accusative feminine singular

So in this sentence, I shake out the mop, the mop is what is being shaken, so Greek uses the accusative: τη σφουγγαρίστρα.

Both τη and την are correct here.

The full form is την, but in modern Greek the final -ν is often dropped before certain consonants in everyday speech and writing. Since σφουγγαρίστρα starts with σ, you will very often see:

• τη σφουγγαρίστρα

Instead of:

• την σφουγγαρίστρα

Both mean the same thing. The version without -ν is very common in standard modern usage.

Here τινάζω means I shake or I shake out, usually to remove dust, dirt, or water.

In this sentence, it suggests something like:

• I shake the mop outside
• I shake out the mop outside

It is a very physical verb: you move something sharply so that dust or other particles come off.

Because έξω on its own can function as an adverb meaning outside.

So:

• Τινάζω τη σφουγγαρίστρα έξω = I shake the mop outside

Greek often uses έξω by itself when the meaning is clear.

You can also find longer forms, such as:

• έξω από το σπίτι = outside the house
• βγαίνω έξω = I go outside

In your sentence, just έξω is enough.

Yes, έχει literally means it has here.

The subject is not stated explicitly, but Greek often leaves subject pronouns out when they are understood from context. Here, έχει is 3rd person singular, so the implied subject is something singular, most naturally the mop.

So:

• γιατί έχει πολλή σκόνη = because it has a lot of dust

Greek does this very often. Instead of saying γιατί αυτή έχει... or γιατί η σφουγγαρίστρα έχει..., it simply says γιατί έχει...

Because σκόνη is a feminine singular noun, and πολλή must agree with it.

Agreement in Greek means that adjectives and adjective-like words change form to match the noun’s:

• gender
• number
• case

Here:

• σκόνη = feminine singular
• so we use πολλή

Compare:

• πολλή σκόνη = a lot of dust
• πολύ νερό = a lot of water
• πολλοί άνθρωποι = many people

So πολλή is feminine, while πολύ would be wrong with σκόνη in this sentence.

Because Greek often leaves out the article with material or mass nouns when speaking in a general, indefinite way.

So:

• έχει πολλή σκόνη = it has a lot of dust

This does not mean a specific, previously mentioned dust. It just means dust in general.

If you said τη σκόνη, that would sound more like the dust, meaning some specific dust already known in the conversation.

Yes. γιατί can mean both:

• because
• why

The meaning depends on the sentence.

Here it means because:

• Τινάζω τη σφουγγαρίστρα έξω, γιατί έχει πολλή σκόνη.
• I shake the mop outside, because it has a lot of dust.

As a question word, it means why:

• Γιατί τινάζεις τη σφουγγαρίστρα έξω;
• Why are you shaking the mop outside?

So it is the same Greek word, but the function changes with context.

In Greek, σκόνη is a singular mass noun here, much like dust in English.

So:

• σκόνη = dust
• πολλή σκόνη = a lot of dust

Even though dust consists of many tiny particles, Greek treats it as a singular uncountable substance in this kind of sentence.

The given word order is natural and clear, but Greek word order is more flexible than English.

Original:

• Τινάζω τη σφουγγαρίστρα έξω, γιατί έχει πολλή σκόνη.

You could also hear variations such as:

• Γιατί έχει πολλή σκόνη, τινάζω τη σφουγγαρίστρα έξω.
• Τη σφουγγαρίστρα την τινάζω έξω, γιατί έχει πολλή σκόνη.

These may shift emphasis, but the core meaning stays the same.

The original version is a straightforward, neutral way to say it.

Here are the main dictionary forms:

• τινάζω → dictionary form: τινάζω = to shake / shake out
• τη → from the article η / τη(ν) = the for feminine nouns
• σφουγγαρίστρα → mop
• έξω → outside
• γιατί → because / why
• έχει → from έχω = to have
• πολλή → from πολύς, πολλή, πολύ = much / many
• σκόνη → dust

This is useful because some forms in the sentence are not the exact dictionary form, especially τη and έχει.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• Τινάζω → tee-NA-zo
• τη → tee
• σφουγγαρίστρα → sfoo-ngga-RI-stra
• έξω → EK-so
• γιατί → ya-TI
• έχει → E-hee
• πολλή → po-LEE
• σκόνη → SKO-nee

A rough full-sentence pronunciation:

tee-NA-zo tee sfoo-ngga-RI-stra EK-so, ya-TI E-hee po-LEE SKO-nee

The stressed syllables are important in Greek, because stress is part of the word’s correct form.

In everyday modern Greek, σφουγγαρίστρα normally means mop.

Depending on context, Greek cleaning vocabulary can sometimes overlap with tools and actions related to mopping, but in a sentence like this, the meaning is very clearly mop, the cleaning tool.

So for a learner, σφουγγαρίστρα = mop is the right and useful understanding here.