Ο σύζυγός μου δουλεύει από το σπίτι σήμερα.

σύζυγος can mean spouse in a general or formal sense. The article shows the gender here:

• ο σύζυγος = husband
• η σύζυγος = wife

So in this sentence, ο σύζυγός μου means my husband. In everyday Greek, people also often say ο άντρας μου for my husband, but σύζυγος is a standard and neutral word.

In Greek, it is normal to use the definite article with a noun even when there is a possessive like μου.

So Greek says:

• ο σύζυγός μου = literally the husband my
• natural English: my husband

This is standard Greek grammar. The article is not optional here in normal speech.

Because μου is a weak possessive pronoun (an enclitic), and in Greek it normally comes after the noun:

• ο σύζυγός μου = my husband
• το σπίτι μου = my house / my home
• η αδερφή μου = my sister

Putting the possessive after the noun is the usual Greek pattern. If you want extra emphasis, Greek can use δικός μου, but that is a different structure.

This happens because μου is enclitic. When certain words are followed by an enclitic, Greek adds an extra written accent.

So:

• alone: σύζυγος
• with μου: σύζυγός μου

This is a normal spelling rule in Modern Greek. You will see the same thing in other phrases, such as:

• ο άνθρωπός μου
• το τηλέφωνό μου

δουλεύει is the 3rd person singular present form of δουλεύω (to work).

It can mean:

• he works
• she works
• it works
• depending on context, also he/she is working

In this sentence, because the subject is ο σύζυγός μου, it means he works or he is working.

από το σπίτι is the usual Greek way to say from home, especially when talking about remote work.

• δουλεύει από το σπίτι = he works from home
• δουλεύει στο σπίτι = he works at home / in the house

So από το σπίτι matches the English idea of working remotely from home.
στο σπίτι is possible in some contexts, but it sounds more like simple physical location than the common remote-work expression.

It can mean either, depending on context.

• το σπίτι = the house or the home
• από το σπίτι here is best understood as from home

Greek often uses σπίτι in places where English would specifically choose home.

Yes. Greek word order is fairly flexible, and σήμερα can move around.

For example:

• Ο σύζυγός μου δουλεύει από το σπίτι σήμερα.
• Σήμερα ο σύζυγός μου δουλεύει από το σπίτι.
• Ο σύζυγός μου σήμερα δουλεύει από το σπίτι.

All of these are possible. The basic meaning stays the same, but the emphasis changes slightly. The original sentence sounds natural and neutral.

Yes. εργάζεται also means works.

Compare:

• Ο σύζυγός μου δουλεύει από το σπίτι σήμερα.
• Ο σύζυγός μου εργάζεται από το σπίτι σήμερα.

Both are correct.
The difference is mainly tone:

• δουλεύει = very common, everyday
• εργάζεται = a bit more formal or neutral

A simple pronunciation guide is:

o SÍ-zi-ghOS mu dhu-LEV-i a-PO to SPÍ-ti SÍ-me-ra

A few useful points:

• σ = s
• ζ = z
• γ before ο sounds like a soft voiced gh
• δ sounds like th in this
• ευ in δουλεύει sounds like ev

So δουλεύει sounds roughly like dhu-LE-vi.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Greek present tense often covers both:

• he works
• he is working

So this sentence could be understood as:

• My husband works from home today
• or My husband is working from home today

In this context, English usually chooses is working from home today, but Greek uses the same verb form.