Η ενόχληση από τον θόρυβο είναι τόσο μεγάλη που δεν κοιμάμαι καλά.

Greek often uses the definite article more broadly than English. So Η ενόχληση literally means the annoyance / the disturbance, even where English might simply say annoyance or being bothered.

In this sentence, η ενόχληση is the subject of the verb είναι.

Ενόχληση is a noun meaning annoyance, bother, disturbance, or discomfort, depending on context.

Here it refers to the fact that the noise is bothering the speaker. So it is not just a general abstract annoyance, but the disturbance caused by the noise.

It comes from the verb ενοχλώ = to bother / disturb.

Από means from or because of, depending on context. Here από τον θόρυβο means from the noise or more naturally caused by the noise.

So:

• η ενόχληση = the disturbance / annoyance
• από τον θόρυβο = from the noise

Together: the disturbance caused by the noise

Also notice that από is followed by the accusative case, which is why you get τον θόρυβο.

Because θόρυβος is the object of the preposition από, and after από Greek uses the accusative case.

So:

• nominative: ο θόρυβος = the noise
• accusative: τον θόρυβο = the noise

This is a very common pattern in Greek:

• από τον φίλο
• με τον αδελφό
• για τον δάσκαλο

Because it agrees with η ενόχληση, which is a feminine singular noun.

Greek adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

So here:

• η ενόχληση = feminine singular
• μεγάλη = feminine singular form of μεγάλος

Compare:

• ο θόρυβος είναι μεγάλος
• η ενόχληση είναι μεγάλη
• το πρόβλημα είναι μεγάλο

This is a very common Greek pattern:

τόσο + adjective/adverb + που
= so + adjective/adverb + that

So:

• τόσο μεγάλη = so great / so big
• που δεν κοιμάμαι καλά = that I do not sleep well

The whole pattern means: so great that...

Other examples:

• Είναι τόσο κουρασμένος που δεν μιλάει.
  = He is so tired that he does not speak.
• Μιλάει τόσο γρήγορα που δεν καταλαβαίνω.
  = He speaks so fast that I do not understand.

Here που means that and introduces the result clause.

So in this sentence: είναι τόσο μεγάλη που δεν κοιμάμαι καλά = is so great that I do not sleep well

Be careful: που can have several uses in Greek. It can mean things like:

• that
• who/which
• sometimes it appears in fixed expressions

In this sentence, it is the that in the pattern so... that...

The verb is κοιμάμαι = I sleep / I am sleeping. This verb is used in the middle/passive form in Modern Greek, even though its meaning is active in English.

So:

• κοιμάμαι = I sleep
• κοιμάσαι = you sleep
• κοιμάται = he/she sleeps

This is something learners simply have to get used to: some Greek verbs look passive in form but are active in meaning.

With negation:

• δεν κοιμάμαι = I do not sleep / I am not sleeping

Because καλά here is an adverb, not an adjective.

• καλός, καλή, καλό = good
• καλά = well

Since it describes the verb κοιμάμαι, you need the adverb:

• κοιμάμαι καλά = I sleep well

Compare:

• Είναι καλός άνθρωπος. = He is a good person.
• Μιλάει καλά ελληνικά. = He speaks Greek well.

It can mean either, depending on context. The Greek present tense often covers both:

• simple present: I sleep
• continuous present: I am sleeping

In this sentence, because of the general meaning, δεν κοιμάμαι καλά is most naturally understood as: I am not sleeping well or I do not sleep well

Both are possible English translations depending on the situation.

Yes, Greek word order is more flexible than English word order. The given sentence is natural and neutral:

Η ενόχληση από τον θόρυβο είναι τόσο μεγάλη που δεν κοιμάμαι καλά.

But Greek can move things around for emphasis. For example, you might also hear:

• Από τον θόρυβο η ενόχληση είναι τόσο μεγάλη που δεν κοιμάμαι καλά.

That said, the original version is the most straightforward and natural for learners.

Greek relies more on endings and agreement than English does, so word order is often less rigid.

Yes, literally μεγάλη means big/large/great, but Greek often uses it in places where English would prefer something like:

• severe
• serious
• intense
• great

So η ενόχληση είναι τόσο μεγάλη is literally the annoyance is so big, but in natural English it would usually be something like:

• The disturbance is so great...
• The annoyance is so severe...

This is a good example of where the Greek wording is perfectly natural, even if a word-for-word English version sounds slightly odd.

Yes. A very useful way to read it is in three parts:

Η ενόχληση από τον θόρυβο
= the annoyance/disturbance from the noise

είναι τόσο μεγάλη
= is so great

που δεν κοιμάμαι καλά
= that I do not sleep well

This kind of chunking is very helpful in Greek, especially with longer sentences.