Η ανιψιά μου αγαπάει να παίζει στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά.

Breakdown of Η ανιψιά μου αγαπάει να παίζει στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά.

να
to
μου
my
σε
on
παίζω
to play
αγαπάω
to love
η ανιψιά
the niece
η παιδική χαρά
the playground
η κούνια
the swing
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Questions & Answers about Η ανιψιά μου αγαπάει να παίζει στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά.

Why is there η before ανιψιά, when in English we just say “my niece” without “the”?

In Greek, a noun with a possessive pronoun (like μου, “my”) almost always keeps the definite article:

  • η ανιψιά μου = literally “the niece my” → “my niece”
  • το βιβλίο μου = “my book”
  • ο φίλος μου = “my friend”

So η is the feminine singular nominative definite article (“the”).
Leaving it out (ανιψιά μου) is possible only in very specific, usually poetic or highly informal contexts. In normal speech and writing you should say η ανιψιά μου.


Why does μου (my) come after ανιψιά instead of before it, like in English?

Greek “weak” possessive pronouns (μου, σου, του, της, μας, σας, τους) are enclitics: they normally follow the noun:

  • η ανιψιά μου = my niece
  • το σπίτι σου = your house
  • ο αδελφός της = her brother

If you put the possessive before the noun, you must use the “strong” form with δικός/δική/δικό:

  • η δική μου ανιψιά = my niece (with emphasis on my, as opposed to someone else’s)

    So the default, neutral way is: article + noun + weak possessiveη ανιψιά μου.


What’s the difference between αγαπάει and αγαπά? Which one should I use?

Both mean “(she) loves / likes” and are 3rd person singular present of αγαπάω (“to love”).

  • αγαπάει – full form, very common in spoken Greek.
  • αγαπά – shorter form, more common in writing and in slightly more formal or careful speech.

You can use either; they are grammatically equivalent.
In everyday conversation, αγαπάει will sound a bit more natural; in writing (books, newspapers, etc.) you’ll see αγαπά more often.


Why is it αγαπάει να παίζει and not something like an infinitive, as in English “loves to play”?

Modern Greek doesn’t have a true infinitive. Instead it uses να + verb:

  • να παίζει ≈ “to play / playing”

So the structure αγαπάει να παίζει is literally:

  • “she loves to play

You’ll see [verb of liking/wanting] + να + verb very often:

  • θέλω να παίξω = I want to play
  • μου αρέσει να παίζω = I like playing

You could also say αγαπάει το να παίζει, but that sounds heavier and more formal. Everyday Greek prefers αγαπάει να παίζει.


Why is it να παίζει and not να παίξει? What’s the difference?

Greek verbs have two aspects in the subjunctive (να-forms):

  • να παίζειimperfective: ongoing, repeated, or habitual action (“to be playing / to play regularly”)
  • να παίξειperfective: single, complete action (“to play once / to finish playing”)

In this sentence:

  • αγαπάει να παίζει στην κούνια
    → She loves (the activity of) playing on the swing, in general, habitually.

If you used να παίξει, it would sound like “she loves to (go and) have a play (once)”, which isn’t the usual meaning here.
For general likes and habits, use the imperfective: να παίζει, να διαβάζει, να τρέχει, etc.


What exactly is στην? How is it formed?

στην is a combination of the preposition σε (“in, at, on, to”) plus the definite article την (feminine accusative singular “the”):

  • σε + την = στην

So:

  • στην κούνια = “on the swing”
  • στην παιδική χαρά = “at the playground”

Other common combinations of σε + article:

  • στον = σε + τον (masc. sg.) → στον φίλο μου (to my friend)
  • στο = σε + το (neut. sg.) → στο σπίτι (at home)
  • στις = σε + τις (fem. pl.) → στις καρέκλες (on the chairs)

In speech στην is pronounced [stin].


Does κούνια just mean “swing”? I’ve seen it used for “crib” too. How do I know the difference?

Yes, η κούνια has two common meanings:

  1. Swing (in a playground)
  2. Crib / baby cot (for a small child to sleep in)

The meaning is decided by context. In this sentence:

  • στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά
    → clearly refers to a swing in a playground, not a crib.

If you want to be more explicit:

  • η κούνια στην παιδική χαρά = the swing in the playground
  • η παιδική κούνια or η κούνια του μωρού = the baby’s crib.

What is παιδική χαρά literally, and why is it two words?

παιδική χαρά is a fixed expression meaning playground.

Literally:

  • παιδική = “childish / children’s” (feminine singular form of the adjective παιδικός)
  • χαρά = “joy”

So literally: “children’s joy” → idiomatically: playground.

Grammatically, it’s an adjective + noun phrase:

  • παιδική (fem. sg.) agrees with χαρά (fem. sg.).

Why do we repeat στην: στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά? Could we say it differently?

In the given sentence:

  • στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά
    = “on the swing at the playground”

You can think of it as:

  • στην κούνια (on the swing)
  • [που είναι] στην παιδική χαρά (which is at the playground) – the που είναι is just implied.

You could also say:

  • στην κούνια της παιδικής χαράς
    = “on the playground’s swing / on the swing of the playground”

    This is also correct and a bit more compact; it emphasizes that the swing specifically belongs to that playground.

Repeating στην is very natural when you’re adding another location phrase: στο σχολείο στην Αθήνα, στο σπίτι στο χωριό, etc.


What is the gender and pattern of ανιψιά? How do I say “my nephew” instead?

ανιψιά is feminine and means niece.

Basic forms (singular):

  • Nominative: η ανιψιά (the niece)
  • Genitive: της ανιψιάς (of the niece)
  • Accusative: την ανιψιά (the niece – object)

With “my”:

  • η ανιψιά μου = my niece
  • της ανιψιάς μου = of my niece
  • την ανιψιά μου = my niece (object)

For nephew, you use the masculine ανιψιός:

  • ο ανιψιός μου = my nephew
  • του ανιψιού μου = of my nephew
  • τον ανιψιό μου = my nephew (object)

How flexible is the word order? Can I move things around, like in English?

Greek word order is relatively flexible because grammatical roles are marked by endings and articles. Variants like the following are possible:

  • Η ανιψιά μου αγαπάει να παίζει στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά.
    (neutral, standard)
  • Η ανιψιά μου στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά αγαπάει να παίζει.
    (stronger focus on “on the swing at the playground”)
  • Στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά αγαπάει να παίζει η ανιψιά μου.
    (emphasis on place; feels a bit more marked or literary in style)

The original order is the most natural, conversation-style version:
[subject] [verb] [να + verb] [location phrase(s)].


How is the sentence pronounced? Any tricky parts for an English speaker?

Approximate pronunciation (stress in bold):

  • Η ανιψιά μου αγαπάει να παίζει στην κούνια στην παιδική χαρά.

Broken down (IPA-like):

  • η ανιψιά → [i a.niˈpsça] (or [aniˈpsça]; the initial η often cliticizes to the following word)
  • μου → [mu]
  • αγαπάει → [a.ɣaˈpai] (two vowel sounds at the end, -άει / -ai)
  • να → [na]
  • παίζει → [ˈpe.zi]
  • στην → [stin]
  • κούνια → [ˈku.ɲa] (the νι can sound like Spanish ñ)
  • παιδική → [pe.ðiˈci] (αι → [e], δ between vowels is like English “th” in “this”)
  • χαρά → [xaˈra] (χ is like the “ch” in German Bach)

Two common challenges:

  1. χ in χαρά: it’s a voiceless velar fricative, not like English h.
  2. δ in παιδική: it’s a soft “th” as in this, not like English d.