Breakdown of Αυτό είναι αγγλικό βιβλίο, όχι ελληνικό.
Questions & Answers about Αυτό είναι αγγλικό βιβλίο, όχι ελληνικό.
Greek has an indefinite article (ένας, μία/μια, ένα), but it’s often omitted in sentences like this.
After the verb είμαι (είναι = is), when you are classifying something (saying what kind of thing it is), Greek usually leaves out the indefinite article:
- Αυτό είναι αγγλικό βιβλίο.
This is an English book.
You could say:
- Αυτό είναι ένα αγγλικό βιβλίο.
That’s correct too, but it can sound a bit more specific or emphatic: This is one (particular) English book. The version without ένα is the most natural neutral statement here.
Adjectives in Greek change form for gender, number, and case.
The basic forms here are:
- αγγλικός – αγγλική – αγγλικό (English)
- ελληνικός – ελληνική – ελληνικό (Greek)
The noun βιβλίο (book) is neuter singular, nominative.
So the adjective must also be neuter, singular, nominative, which is the -ό form:
- αγγλικό βιβλίο = English (neuter) book (neuter)
- όχι ελληνικό (understood: βιβλίο) = not Greek (book)
If the noun were masculine or feminine, the adjective would change:
- αγγλικός καθηγητής – English (male) teacher
- αγγλική εφημερίδα – English (fem.) newspaper
- αγγλικό βιβλίο – English (neut.) book
Αυτό is the neuter form of “this / that”:
- αυτός (masc.) – this (masc.)
- αυτή (fem.) – this (fem.)
- αυτό (neut.) – this (neut.)
Here, Αυτό refers to βιβλίο, which is neuter, so Greek naturally uses the neuter demonstrative.
Compare:
- Αυτός είναι Άγγλος. – This (man) is English. (masc.)
- Αυτή είναι Ελληνίδα. – This (woman) is Greek. (fem.)
- Αυτό είναι βιβλίο. – This is a book. (neut.)
Even if βιβλίο isn’t said yet, Greek “knows” it’s a neuter thing, so Αυτό fits.
In Greek, adjectives most commonly come before the noun:
- αγγλικό βιβλίο – English book
- μεγάλο σπίτι – big house
You can place the adjective after the noun (βιβλίο αγγλικό), but that usually sounds:
- more emphatic, or
- a bit poetic / literary, or
- like you are contrasting / describing rather than just naming the type.
In normal, neutral speech, αγγλικό βιβλίο is far more natural than βιβλίο αγγλικό.
Greek has two common negative words, used differently:
- δεν (before verbs):
Δεν είναι ελληνικό. – It is not Greek. - όχι (for short answers and for negating phrases like nouns/adjectives):
αγγλικό βιβλίο, όχι ελληνικό – an English book, not Greek.
In your sentence:
- Αυτό είναι αγγλικό βιβλίο, όχι ελληνικό.
You’re saying: It is an English book, *not a Greek (one).*
If you said:
- Αυτό δεν είναι ελληνικό βιβλίο.
That’s This is not a Greek book. (pure denial, no explicit alternative.)
Using όχι ελληνικό after αγγλικό βιβλίο sounds more like a contrast: English, not Greek.
Yes, you can:
- Αυτό δεν είναι ελληνικό βιβλίο.
= This is not a Greek book.
Differences in feel:
- Αυτό είναι αγγλικό βιβλίο, όχι ελληνικό.
Emphasizes the contrast: it is English, and specifically not Greek. - Αυτό δεν είναι ελληνικό βιβλίο.
Just denies that it’s Greek. It doesn’t automatically say what it is instead.
Both are correct; the original is more “English vs Greek” contrastive.
The comma marks a contrast:
- Αυτό είναι αγγλικό βιβλίο, όχι ελληνικό.
This is an English book, not Greek.
In English you might also write a comma (or even a dash) there. In Greek, putting a comma before όχι in this kind of “X, not Y” structure is normal and makes the contrast clear.
Modern Greek normally writes nationality and language adjectives with a lowercase first letter:
- αγγλικό βιβλίο – an English book
- ελληνικό λεξικό – a Greek dictionary
Proper names are capitalized:
- η Ελλάδα – Greece
- η Αγγλία – England
- οι Έλληνες – the Greeks
- οι Άγγλοι – the English (people)
So αγγλικό and ελληνικό are lowercase here because they’re adjectives describing a common noun (βιβλίο).
They’re in the nominative singular neuter:
- βιβλίο – nominative singular neuter noun
- αγγλικό – nominative singular neuter adjective (agreeing with βιβλίο)
- ελληνικό – nominative singular neuter adjective (understood: βιβλίο)
After the verb είμαι (to be), the “thing” and its “description” are both in the nominative:
- Αυτό (nom.) είναι αγγλικό βιβλίο (nom.).
Yes, but they mean slightly different things:
Είναι αυτό αγγλικό βιβλίο;
Is this an English book? (question form)Αυτό το βιβλίο είναι αγγλικό.
This book is English. (you’re now saying something about this specific book)
Your original:
- Αυτό είναι αγγλικό βιβλίο.
This is an English book. (identifying what “this” is)
All are grammatical; the differences are about focus and whether it’s a statement or a question.
In modern Greek:
- γγ is pronounced like “ng” in English “finger” (a /ŋg/ or /ŋɡ/ sound).
So αγγλικό is pronounced approximately:
- [aŋgliˈko] – ang-glee-KO (stress on the last syllable -κό)
Breakdown:
- α – “a” as in father
- γγλ – like “ngl” in English → ŋgl
- ι – like “ee”
- κό – ko with stress
Yes. That is also natural:
- Αυτό είναι αγγλικό, όχι ελληνικό.
This is English, not Greek.
Here αγγλικό and ελληνικό act like adjectives used as nouns, and the noun (βιβλίο, κείμενο, κείμενο, πρόγραμμα, etc.) is understood from context.
The version with βιβλίο just makes explicit that you are talking about a book.