Κρατάω την ηχογράφηση του μαθήματος στο κινητό, ώστε να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο.

Breakdown of Κρατάω την ηχογράφηση του μαθήματος στο κινητό, ώστε να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο.

σε
on
το λεωφορείο
the bus
ακούω
to listen to
την
it
το κινητό
the mobile phone
το μάθημα
the lesson
κρατάω
to keep
ώστε να
so that
η ηχογράφηση
the recording
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Questions & Answers about Κρατάω την ηχογράφηση του μαθήματος στο κινητό, ώστε να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο.

Why does the sentence use κρατάω instead of έχω for “I have / keep the recording”?

Both κρατάω and έχω can relate to “having” something, but they are not the same:

  • έχω = I have / I possess (neutral possession)

    • Έχω την ηχογράφηση στο κινητό. = I have the recording on my phone.
  • κρατάω = I hold / I keep / I retain
    It implies a choice to keep something, not just that it exists there.

In Κρατάω την ηχογράφηση του μαθήματος στο κινητό, the speaker is stressing that they keep or store the recording on the phone, often with the idea of “on purpose, for later use,” rather than just “it happens to be there.”

If you said Έχω την ηχογράφηση στο κινητό, it would still be correct, just a bit more neutral and less “intentional-sounding.”


Is κρατάω here a present tense or something like “I am keeping”? How should I think of its tense/aspect?

Formally, κρατάω is the present tense, imperfective aspect of the verb κρατάω / κρατώ.

  • Tense: present
  • Aspect: imperfective = ongoing, repeated, or general state

In English, this can map to either:

  • I keep the recording… (habitual/general)
  • I am keeping the recording… (ongoing)

Greek present imperfective covers both meanings; context decides whether it feels more like “I keep” or “I am keeping.” Here, it describes a general practice: I (generally) keep the recording on my phone so I can listen to it on the bus.


Why is it την ηχογράφηση and not just ηχογράφηση without the article, or μια ηχογράφηση (a recording)?

Greek uses the definite article much more than English, especially:

  • for specific, identifiable things
  • for objects that are already known in the context

την ηχογράφηση = the recording (a particular one, the recording of this lesson).
μια ηχογράφηση = a recording (some recording, not specified).

In this sentence, the speaker is talking about a specific recording: την ηχογράφηση του μαθήματος (the recording of the lesson), not about any random recording. That’s why the definite article την is used.

Leaving the article off entirely (ηχογράφηση alone) would sound fragmentary here; Greek almost always needs an article in such noun phrases unless it’s a special case (titles, some generic uses, etc.).


Why is it ηχογράφηση του μαθήματος and not ηχογράφηση για το μάθημα?

Both are possible in Greek but mean slightly different things:

  • ηχογράφηση του μαθήματος
    Literally: the recording of the lesson

    • Genitive του μαθήματος directly links the two nouns: the lesson itself is what has been recorded.
    • Very natural when you mean “this is the lesson, but in recorded form.”
  • ηχογράφηση για το μάθημα
    Literally: a recording for the lesson

    • Suggests a recording made for the purposes of the lesson (like an audio exercise), not necessarily a recording of the lesson itself.

In your sentence, the idea is “the recording of the lesson that took place,” so του μαθήματος is the most natural choice.


What exactly is στο κινητό? Why does κινητό seem to stand alone without τηλέφωνο?

στο κινητό comes from σε + το κινητό = στο κινητό.

  • κινητό is short for κινητό τηλέφωνο = mobile phone / cell phone.
  • In everyday Greek, people almost always just say το κινητό, and everyone understands it as “my phone / the mobile.”

So:

  • στο κινητό = on the phone / on my phone (context usually makes it clear it’s the speaker’s own phone).

You could say στο κινητό τηλέφωνο, but it would sound more formal or unnecessarily long in normal conversation.


Why is there a την before ακούω (ώστε να την ακούω)? Can it come after the verb, like in English?

την here is a clitic object pronoun (feminine, accusative, singular) replacing την ηχογράφηση:

  • ώστε να την ακούω = so that I (can) listen to it
    (την = it, referring to the recording)

In standard Greek word order, these short object pronouns usually go before the verb in such cases:

  • την ακούω, τον βλέπω, το διαβάζω, etc.

After να, θα, μη(ν), ας, etc., the clitic still comes before the verb:

  • να την ακούω
  • θα την ακούσω
  • μην την ξεχάσεις

Putting it after (ώστε να ακούω την) is ungrammatical in standard modern Greek.


Could we just drop την and say ώστε να ακούω στο λεωφορείο? The meaning is clear from context, right?

No, if you drop την, the sentence’s meaning really changes.

  • ώστε να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο
    = so that I listen to it on the bus
    (where την clearly refers to την ηχογράφηση)

  • ώστε να ακούω στο λεωφορείο
    = so that I listen on the bus (to what? music? people? nothing specified)

Greek does not usually allow you to omit a direct object that carries important meaning unless it is genuinely obvious and generic (e.g. ακούω = I’m listening in the sense “I’m paying attention”). Here, you want to refer back specifically to the recording, so the pronoun την is needed.


What does ώστε να add here? How is it different from για να?

Both ώστε να and για να can introduce a purpose clause (in order to), but there are some nuances:

  • για να

    • Very common, neutral, used all the time in speech.
    • Clear purpose: in order to.
    • Κρατάω την ηχογράφηση στο κινητό, για να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο.
  • ώστε να

    • Slightly more formal or “written” in tone in everyday speech.
    • Can express:
      • purpose (so that / in order to), or
      • result (so that, with the result that).
    • Here, it is clearly purpose.

In your sentence, you could swap ώστε να with για να without changing the practical meaning:

  • … ώστε να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο.
  • … για να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο.

ώστε να might feel a little more “structured” or “careful,” but both are correct.


Why is ακούω (present form) used after ώστε να, instead of something like ακούσω?

After ώστε να, the verb is in the subjunctive, and in Greek there are two main subjunctive aspects:

  • Imperfective subjunctive: same form as the present (να ακούω)
    • Ongoing, repeated, or habitual action.
  • Aorist subjunctive: να ακούσω
    • Single, completed action, “one whole event.”

Compare:

  • Κρατάω την ηχογράφηση στο κινητό, ώστε να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο.
    = I keep it there so that I (can) listen to it habitually / whenever I’m on the bus.

  • Κρατάω την ηχογράφηση στο κινητό, ώστε να την ακούσω στο λεωφορείο.
    = I keep it there so that I can listen to it (once) on the bus (one specific occasion).

Because the idea is a repeated habit (every time I’m on the bus), the imperfective form να την ακούω is the natural choice.


Why is it την ηχογράφηση and then ώστε να την ακούω? How do I know την is feminine and why does that matter?

Greek object pronouns must agree in gender and number with the noun they refer to.

  • η ηχογράφηση is feminine singular:
    • Article: η / την
    • So the pronoun must also be feminine singular: την.

Structure:

  • την ηχογράφηση (feminine, singular, accusative)
  • ώστε να την ακούω (same την, agreeing with ηχογράφηση)

If the noun were neuter, you’d use το:

  • το μάθημα → το ακούω (I listen to it) If it were masculine:
  • ο δίσκος → τον ακούω (I listen to it/him)

So την here tells you the missing noun is feminine (ηχογράφηση, μουσική, κλπ.), and Greek grammar requires this agreement.


Why is it στο λεωφορείο with the article? In English we usually say “on the bus,” but sometimes “by bus” without the. Does the article in Greek mean a specific bus?

στο λεωφορείο = σε + το λεωφορείοon the bus.

Greek typically uses the article here, even when you mean buses in general as a mode of transport.

  • Στο λεωφορείο διαβάζω.
    = On the bus I read. (i.e. whenever I’m on a bus)

It does not necessarily mean one specific bus. Context decides:

  • If you’re talking about a particular trip: “on the bus (I’m taking right now)”
  • If it’s habitual: “on the bus (whenever I ride the bus)”

Greek doesn’t have a direct equivalent of the English “by bus” (without article) as a simple prepositional form; usually you’d say something like:

  • Πηγαίνω με το λεωφορείο. = I go by bus.

Note it also uses το λεωφορείο with an article in that structure.


Is there any special reason the verb ακούω comes last in ώστε να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο? Could we change the word order?

Greek word order is relatively flexible, but there are strong preferences:

Default here:

  • ώστε να την ακούω στο λεωφορείο

Breaking it down:

  • ώστε να (conjunction + particle)
  • την (clitic pronoun)
  • ακούω (verb)
  • στο λεωφορείο (prepositional phrase)

Clitic pronouns like την almost always appear before the verb in this kind of clause, and adverbials like στο λεωφορείο often go after the verb.

You could also say:

  • ώστε να ακούω την ηχογράφηση στο λεωφορείο.
    (repeating the full noun instead of pronoun)

But something like:

  • ώστε να ακούω την στο λεωφορείο
  • ώστε να ακούω στο λεωφορείο την

is ungrammatical or sounds very wrong. The clitic την must stay attached before the verb, not floating at the end.


How do you pronounce ηχογράφηση, and where is the stress?

ηχογράφηση is stressed on the third syllable from the end:

  • η – χο – γρά – φη – ση
  • Pronunciation (approximate): i-cho-GHRA-fi-si

Details:

  • η → /i/ (like ee in see)
  • χ before ο → a guttural sound, like the ch in German Bach or Scottish loch.
  • γρά: the stress is here; γρ like gr in great but with a softer g.
  • φ → /f/
  • ση → /si/

So you get: i-cho-GHRA-fi-si, with the main emphasis on GHRA.