Die Firma zahlt den Zuschlag mit dem Nettogehalt aus.

Because auszahlen is a separable verb.

The full verb is auszahlen. In a normal main clause, German splits separable verbs:

• zahlt goes in the usual verb position
• aus moves to the end

So:

• infinitive: auszahlen
• main clause: Die Firma zahlt ... aus.

This is very common in German:

• anrufen → Ich rufe dich an.
• einkaufen → Wir kaufen heute ein.

Yes. zahlt ... aus is the present-tense form of auszahlen.

Here:

• zahlt = 3rd person singular present
• subject = die Firma
• aus = the separated prefix

So although it looks like two words, grammatically it functions as one verb meaning something like pay out.

Because Zuschlag is the direct object of the verb, so it is in the accusative case.

The noun Zuschlag is masculine:

• nominative: der Zuschlag
• accusative: den Zuschlag

Here, the company is paying out the bonus/allowance, so den Zuschlag is the thing being paid.

Because mit always takes the dative case.

The noun Nettogehalt is neuter:

• nominative: das Nettogehalt
• dative: dem Nettogehalt

So:

• mit dem Nettogehalt = with the net salary/pay

This is a very useful rule to memorize: mit + dative.

Here mit most naturally means together with.

So the idea is that the bonus or extra payment is paid out along with the net salary, not separately.

In other contexts, mit can also mean with in the sense of using, but here together with is the better interpretation.

Zuschlag is a word whose exact meaning depends on context.

Common meanings include:

• supplement
• allowance
• bonus
• surcharge
• premium

In a payroll context, it often means an extra payment added to normal pay, such as:

• night-shift allowance
• holiday pay supplement
• overtime premium

So it is not always exactly the same as bonus in English. The context decides the best translation.

No. Die Firma is feminine because of grammatical gender, not biological sex.

In German, every noun has a grammatical gender:

• masculine
• feminine
• neuter

So:

• die Firma is simply the correct dictionary form

This does not mean the company is literally female.

Yes, to some extent.

German is flexible about the order of elements other than the finite verb, as long as the basic grammar is respected:

• the conjugated verb stays in second position in a main clause
• the separable prefix aus stays at the end

So you could also say:

Die Firma zahlt mit dem Nettogehalt den Zuschlag aus.

That is grammatical, but it shifts the emphasis a little. The original sentence sounds very natural.

This is a very common vocabulary question.

• Bruttogehalt = gross salary, before taxes and deductions
• Nettogehalt = net salary, after taxes and deductions

So Nettogehalt is the amount actually received.

In a subordinate clause, the separable verb is usually not split. It stays together at the end.

For example:

..., weil die Firma den Zuschlag mit dem Nettogehalt auszahlt.

Compare:

• main clause: Die Firma zahlt den Zuschlag mit dem Nettogehalt aus.
• subordinate clause: ..., weil die Firma den Zuschlag mit dem Nettogehalt auszahlt.

This is one of the most important patterns with separable verbs.

Because in German, all nouns are capitalized.

So in this sentence:

• Firma
• Zuschlag
• Nettogehalt

all begin with capital letters simply because they are nouns. This is a standard rule of German spelling.