Die Ausfahrt zur Autobahn ist gesperrt.

Because Ausfahrt is a feminine noun in German, so its dictionary form is die Ausfahrt.

That affects:

• the article: die Ausfahrt
• adjective endings and pronouns later on, if needed

A learner usually just has to memorize the noun together with its article:

• die Ausfahrt = exit / exit ramp

This sentence uses die because Ausfahrt is the subject of the sentence.

Here, Ausfahrt means an exit or exit ramp leading somewhere by road.

In traffic German:

• Ausfahrt is commonly used for a road exit
• Ausgang is an exit for people leaving a building or area
• Abfahrt can mean departure, and in traffic contexts it can also mean a ramp in some situations, but Ausfahrt is the standard word you will often see on roads

So in this sentence, Ausfahrt is the road exit that leads to the autobahn.

Zur is a contraction of zu der:

• zu + der = zur

So:

• zur Autobahn = to the autobahn

The preposition zu takes the dative case, and since Autobahn is feminine:

• nominative: die Autobahn
• dative: der Autobahn

That is why you get:

• zu der Autobahn
• usually contracted to zur Autobahn

Because zu always takes the dative case.

The noun is:

• die Autobahn (nominative)

But after zu, it changes to dative:

• der Autobahn

So:

• zu der Autobahn
• contracted: zur Autobahn

This is a very common pattern in German:

• zur Schule = to the school
• zur Stadt = to the city
• zur Arbeit = to work

This is normal main-clause word order in German.

The structure is:

• Die Ausfahrt zur Autobahn = the subject
• ist = the finite verb
• gesperrt = predicate adjective / participle

German main clauses usually put the finite verb in second position:

• Die Ausfahrt zur Autobahn ist gesperrt.

The whole noun phrase Die Ausfahrt zur Autobahn counts as one unit before the verb, so ist is still in the correct second position.

You could also rearrange parts for emphasis, but the standard version here is very natural.

Ist gesperrt is a very common German pattern meaning that something is closed, blocked, or shut off.

Grammatically, gesperrt is the past participle of sperren (to block / close off), but here it is used with sein to describe a state:

• Die Ausfahrt ist gesperrt. = The exit is closed / blocked.

This is often called the statal passive or state passive: it describes the result or condition, not the action itself.

Compare:

• Die Ausfahrt wird gesperrt. = The exit is being closed / gets closed.
• Die Ausfahrt ist gesperrt. = The exit is closed.

This is an important difference.

• ist gesperrt = describes a state
  The exit is already closed.

• wird gesperrt = describes a process/action
  The exit is being closed, or will be closed depending on context.

Examples:

• Die Straße ist gesperrt. = The road is closed.
• Die Straße wird wegen Bauarbeiten gesperrt. = The road is being closed / will be closed because of construction.

In your sentence, ist gesperrt tells you the current situation.

Yes. Zur Autobahn means the exit leads to the autobahn.

In English, we might say:

• the exit to the highway
• the entrance ramp to the highway
• sometimes just the highway ramp, depending on context

German often describes roads and routes very literally in this way:

• die Ausfahrt zur Autobahn = the exit/ramp leading to the autobahn

So even if the exact English wording varies, the German structure is straightforward:

• Ausfahrt = exit/ramp
• zur Autobahn = to the autobahn

Yes. Gesperrt can mean:

• closed
• blocked
• shut off
• not accessible

The best English translation depends on context.

For roads, signs, ramps, and lanes, gesperrt often means:

• closed to traffic
• blocked
• unavailable for use

So Die Ausfahrt zur Autobahn ist gesperrt could imply:

• the exit is closed
• the ramp is blocked
• you cannot use that route

Because all German nouns are capitalized.

So:

• die Ausfahrt
• die Autobahn

This is one of the most noticeable spelling features of German. Even in the middle of a sentence, nouns keep their capital letter.

A natural pronunciation would be roughly:

dee OWS-fahrt tsoor OW-toh-bahn ist guh-SHPERRT

A few pronunciation notes:

• Ausfahrt: the first part Aus- sounds like ouse
• zur is pronounced more like tsoor
• Autobahn has stress on the first syllable: AU-to-bahn
• gesperrt has stress on the second syllable: ge-SPERRT

A natural stress pattern in the full sentence often emphasizes the important information:

• Die Ausfahrt zur Autobahn ist gesperrt.

If this were said as a traffic announcement, gesperrt would often receive the strongest stress.