Learn Hardcore German: Auf dem Schreibtisch steht eine Lampe.

German main clauses follow the “verb-second” (V2) rule: the finite verb must occupy the second position. Here the sentence begins with the adverbial phrase Auf dem Schreibtisch, so steht comes next, and the subject eine Lampe follows.

How do I know that dem Schreibtisch is in the dative case?

The preposition auf is a Wechselpräposition (two-way preposition). When you answer “where?” (wo?)—indicating location—it governs the dative. Hence der Schreibtisch (masculine) becomes dem Schreibtisch.

What exactly does auf express in this sentence?

Here auf shows a static location (“on top of”). Because there’s no movement involved, it pairs with the dative case to mark where the lamp stands.

Why is the article for Lampe eine instead of die or a different form?

Lampe is a feminine noun in German. The sentence uses the indefinite article in nominative case, so “a lamp” is eine Lampe. If you were referring to a specific lamp, you’d say die Lampe.

Could I say Eine Lampe steht auf dem Schreibtisch. instead? Would the meaning change?

Yes, you can. Both word orders are correct and mean the same. Fronting eine Lampe simply shifts the emphasis slightly toward the lamp rather than the location.

What nuance does the verb stehen add? Could I use liegen instead?

Stehen describes something in an upright position. Liegen implies something is lying down. Since lamps stand upright on their base, stehen is the appropriate choice.

How would you translate Auf dem Schreibtisch steht eine Lampe literally?

Word-for-word: On the desk stands a lamp. In natural English, you’d probably say: “There is a lamp on the desk.”

Should there be a comma after Auf dem Schreibtisch?

No. In German, short introductory adverbial phrases don’t require a comma before the verb in main clauses.