La manche continue jusqu’à ce que Paul remporte la partie.

In this sentence, la manche does not mean sleeve. It means something like round, set, hand, or leg, depending on the game or sport.

French often uses the same word for different meanings, and manche is one of those words:

• une manche de chemise = a shirt sleeve
• une manche in a game or competition = a round/set/leg

So you have to rely on context.

They are related, but they are not the same thing.

Very roughly:

• la manche = a round, set, or one stage of play
• la partie = the game or match as a whole

So the sentence is contrasting:

• the current unit of play: la manche
• the overall contest/result: la partie

The exact distinction depends on the activity, but in general manche is smaller than partie.

Because jusque loses its final e before a vowel. This is called elision.

So:

• jusque + à → jusqu’à

This is a normal spelling pattern in French, like:

• le ami → l’ami
• que elle → qu’elle

Because here it is followed by a full clause with its own subject and verb: Paul remporte la partie.

Use:

• jusqu’à
  • noun
    
    • jusqu’à la fin
• jusqu’à
  • infinitive
    
    • jusqu’à gagner
• jusqu’à ce que
  • subject + conjugated verb
    
    • jusqu’à ce que Paul remporte la partie

So jusqu’à ce que is needed because the sentence continues with Paul + a finite verb.

No. In this sentence, jusqu’à ce que works as a fixed expression meaning until.

So you should understand the whole chunk:

• jusqu’à ce que = until

It is usually better not to translate ce and que separately here. They are part of the conjunction.

Because jusqu’à ce que normally requires the subjunctive in French.

French uses the subjunctive here because the action after until is seen as an expected or not-yet-completed endpoint from the perspective of the main clause.

So:

• La manche continue ...
• ... jusqu’à ce que Paul remporte la partie

The idea is not that Paul’s victory is being stated as a plain fact inside that clause; it is the point at which the first action stops.

That is very common with -er verbs. In many cases, the present subjunctive and the present indicative have the same spelling in the il/elle/on form.

For remporter:

• indicative: il remporte
• subjunctive: qu’il remporte

So the form itself does not change here. What tells you it is subjunctive is the grammar around it:

• jusqu’à ce que requires the subjunctive

If the subject were different, you might see clearer forms:

• jusqu’à ce que nous remportions
• jusqu’à ce que vous remportiez

French does not use the future after jusqu’à ce que. It uses the subjunctive, even when the meaning refers to the future.

Also, the main clause can stay in the present if the sentence is expressing:

• a general rule
• a description
• a play-by-play style statement

So this is normal:

• La manche continue jusqu’à ce que Paul remporte la partie.

If you wanted to make the main clause explicitly future, you could say:

• La manche continuera jusqu’à ce que Paul remporte la partie.

Notice that remporte still stays subjunctive, not future.

French usually needs an article where English often does not.

So French prefers:

• la manche
• la partie

Even when English might say something more bare, like the round continues until Paul wins the game or sometimes just until Paul wins.

In French, leaving out the article here would sound unnatural.

It means to win the game/match.

The verb remporter is very common in competitive contexts:

• remporter une victoire = to win a victory
• remporter un match = to win a match
• remporter la partie = to win the game

It can sound a bit more formal or more literary than gagner, but it is completely normal.

Yes, in many contexts you could say:

• jusqu’à ce que Paul gagne la partie

That would also be correct.

The difference is mostly one of style and nuance:

• gagner = the most basic, everyday verb for to win
• remporter = often a bit more elevated, polished, or competition-focused

So both are possible, but remporter may sound slightly more formal.

In modern everyday French, no, it is not required.

So this sentence is perfectly normal:

• jusqu’à ce que Paul remporte la partie

You may sometimes see a more literary version with an extra ne:

• jusqu’à ce que Paul ne remporte la partie

That ne is called an expletive ne. It does not make the sentence negative. It is mostly formal or literary, and many learners do not need to use it actively.