Learn Hardcore French: Quand Marie dirige le projet, elle sourit pour motiver tout le monde. - When Marie manages the project, she smiles to motivate everyone.

Quand is a subordinating conjunction meaning when. It introduces a temporal (time-related) clause, setting the condition under which the main action occurs.

Why is the subject pronoun elle used in the second clause even though Marie is already mentioned?

In French, once a noun (like Marie) is introduced, it is common to replace it with an appropriate pronoun (elle) in the following clause. This avoids repetition and makes the sentence smoother while clearly indicating that the action in the main clause still refers to Marie.

What tense are the verbs dirige and sourit in, and what do they indicate?

Both dirige (from diriger) and sourit (from sourire) are in the present tense. The present tense here is used to describe actions that are either happening regularly or are generally true. Dirige indicates that Marie is in the act of directing or managing the project, while sourit shows that she smiles, possibly as a habitual response.

How does the phrase pour motiver tout le monde function in this sentence?

The phrase pour motiver tout le monde expresses purpose. Pour means “in order to,” and it is followed by the infinitive motiver (to motivate). This structure explains the reason behind Marie’s action—her smile is intended to motivate everyone.

What does tout le monde mean, and how is it used in French?

Tout le monde literally translates to “all the world” but is used to mean “everyone” or “everybody” in everyday French. It functions as a collective term referring to all people involved and is treated as a singular noun in terms of verb agreement.

Is it necessary to use a comma after the subordinate clause Quand Marie dirige le projet?

Yes, it is common practice in French to separate the introductory subordinate clause from the main clause with a comma. This punctuation helps clarify the sentence structure, ensuring that the time-setting clause is clearly distinguished from the action described in the main clause.