Learn Hardcore French: Hier, j’avais déjà couru dans le gymnase lorsque tu as envoyé ton message. - Yesterday, I had already run in the gym when you sent your message.

The plus-que-parfait is used to show that the action of running was completed before another past event occurred—in this case, before you sent your message. It clarifies the sequence by marking the running as an action that had already taken place when the second event happened.

What does the word déjà add to the sentence?

Déjà emphasizes that the running had been completed earlier; it reinforces the idea that the running happened prior to the message being sent. This highlights the completed nature of the action before the subsequent event.

How does the conjunction lorsque function in this sentence?

Lorsque serves to connect the two past events. It means "when" in English and indicates that one action (the sending of your message) occurred at the moment after the other action (the running) had already taken place, helping to maintain a clear timeline.

Why is hier placed at the beginning of the sentence, and what purpose does it serve?

Hier means "yesterday" and is positioned at the start to set the time frame for the entire sentence. This establishes that all the events described occurred on the same day, providing essential context for using the past tenses to describe the sequence of events.

Could the sentence be structured using the passé composé for both actions, and what would change?

While it is possible to construct a similar sentence with the passé composé (for example, "Hier, j'ai couru dans le gymnase lorsque tu as envoyé ton message"), doing so would not clearly indicate that the running happened before the message was sent. The plus-que-parfait (j’avais couru) explicitly marks the action as occurring earlier in the past, ensuring that learners understand the precise order of events.