Vedenkeitin meni rikki, joten keitän vettä kattilassa.

Usually, yes. Vedenkeitin normally means an electric kettle, the kind you use to boil water on its own.

It is a compound:

• veden = of water
• keitin = boiler / cooker / device for boiling

So the literal idea is water-boiler.

Because Finnish compounds often use a stem or case form that is not the plain dictionary form of the noun.

Here the noun is vesi = water, but in compounds it often appears as veden-. So:

• vesi = water
• vedenkeitin = water boiler / kettle

This is something you often just have to learn word by word, especially with common irregular nouns like vesi.

Because vettä is the partitive form of vesi.

The main forms here are:

• vesi = water
• veden = of water / the water
• vettä = water (partitive)

Vesi is an irregular noun, so its forms change quite a lot. That is normal:

• nominative: vesi
• genitive: veden
• partitive: vettä

So keitän vettä means I boil water, with water in the partitive.

Because Finnish usually uses the partitive for something uncountable, ongoing, or not seen as a complete whole.

So:

• keitän vettä = I’m boiling water / I boil some water
• keitän veden = I boil the water or I boil a specific full amount of water

With water, the partitive is very natural, because you are usually talking about some water, not a clearly bounded whole object.

Literally, it is something like went broken.

This is a very common Finnish way to say that something broke or stopped working:

• Puhelin meni rikki. = The phone broke.
• Auto meni rikki. = The car broke down.

So mennä rikki is an idiomatic expression meaning to break.

It can use other verbs in some situations, but mennä rikki is extremely common in everyday Finnish for objects that stop working or become damaged.

It often sounds natural and conversational. In many cases, a learner can safely understand:

• X meni rikki = X broke / stopped working

So in this sentence, Vedenkeitin meni rikki is a very normal way to say The kettle broke.

Because the sentence describes:

1. something that happened earlier: the kettle broke
2. the present result or current action: so now I’m boiling water in a pot

So the tense shift is natural:

• meni rikki = it broke
• keitän = I am boiling / I boil

If the speaker were telling the whole thing as a past event, they could say keitin instead:

• Vedenkeitin meni rikki, joten keitin vettä kattilassa.
• The kettle broke, so I boiled water in a pot.

Joten means so, therefore, or as a result.

It links the first clause to the consequence:

• Vedenkeitin meni rikki = The kettle broke
• joten keitän vettä kattilassa = so I boil water in a pot

It is a very useful connector for cause and result.

Because joten introduces a new clause, and in Finnish it is normal to separate that kind of clause with a comma.

So:

• Vedenkeitin meni rikki, joten keitän vettä kattilassa.

This punctuation is standard Finnish.

Because Finnish verb endings already show the person.

• keitän = I boil
• the ending -n tells you it is first person singular

So minä is usually unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast.

Compare:

• Keitän vettä. = I boil water.
• Minä keitän vettä. = I boil water. / I am the one boiling water.

Kattilassa means in a pot or in the saucepan.

It comes from:

• kattila = pot / saucepan
• -ssa / -ssä = in

So:

• kattilassa = in the pot

Finnish uses this case because the water is physically inside the pot.

Because -ssa/-ssä expresses being inside something, and that is the idea here.

• kattilassa = in the pot
• kattilalla would suggest on / at the pot or use a different kind of location idea, which is not what you want here

Since the water is boiled in the pot, kattilassa is the natural choice.

Because Finnish has no articles.

So Finnish does not have direct equivalents of the and a/an. Context tells you whether something is definite or indefinite.

For example:

• vedenkeitin can mean the kettle or a kettle
• kattilassa can mean in the pot or in a pot

The exact English translation depends on the situation, not on a separate article word.