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Nostan laukun lattialta ja laitan sen pöydälle.

Nostan laukun lattialta ja laitan sen pöydälle.
I lift the bag from the floor and put it on the table.
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Questions & Answers about Nostan laukun lattialta ja laitan sen pöydälle.

Why is it laukun and not laukku?

Laukku is the dictionary (nominative) form. Here it’s the direct object of nostan (I lift), and Finnish marks a total object in the singular with a form that looks like the genitive: laukun.
Also, the stem changes: laukku → laukun (the kk becomes k) because of consonant gradation.

Is laukun genitive or accusative?
Formally it looks like the genitive (laukun), and in many descriptions the singular total object is said to use the genitive form. Some grammars call this the accusative (total object) even though it’s identical in form to the genitive for most nouns. Practically: learn that a completed/whole object often appears as -n in the singular.
Why is it sen and not se?

Se is nominative (it). As the object of laitan (I put), it becomes the total-object form sen.
So: laitan sen = I put it (the whole thing).

Could I omit sen and just say Nostan laukun lattialta ja laitan pöydälle?
You often can omit it in Finnish if it’s obvious what you’re talking about, especially in speech. But laitan pöydälle by itself can feel incomplete (put what onto the table?), so sen makes the sentence clear and natural.
What do lattialta and pöydälle mean grammatically? Why those endings?

They’re location cases:

  • lattialta = lattia (floor) + -lta/-ltä (ablative) = from off the floor / from the floor (surface)
  • pöydälle = pöytä (table) + -lle (allative) = onto the table / to the table (surface)
    These cases emphasize movement: from one place, to/onto another.
What’s the difference between lattialta and lattialta vs lattialta and lattialta—and similarly for the table forms?

For the floor:

  • lattialla = on the floor (location, no movement)
  • lattialle = onto the floor (movement to)
  • lattialta = from the floor (movement from)

For the table:

  • pöydällä = on the table
  • pöydälle = onto the table
  • pöydältä = from the table
Why are the verbs nostan and laitan shaped like that?

They are present tense, 1st person singular (I):

  • nostaa → nostan = I lift/raise
  • laittaa → laitan = I put/place
    The -n ending marks I in the present tense.
Does Finnish need a word for the/a in this sentence?
No. Finnish has no articles. laukun could mean a bag or the bag depending on context. The cases (like -lta, -lle) and context carry much of what English articles do.
Why is the word order Nostan laukun lattialta ja laitan sen pöydälle? Could it change?

This is a neutral, very common order: verb + object + place. You can reorder for emphasis or style, e.g.

  • Lattialta nostan laukun ja laitan sen pöydälle (emphasizes from the floor)
    But the given order is the most straightforward.
When would I use the partitive, like nostan laukkua or laitan sitä instead?

Partitive often suggests an incomplete/ongoing action or an indefinite amount:

  • nostan laukkua could sound like I’m lifting the bag (not necessarily fully / in progress) or focusing on the process.
  • laitan sitä pöydälle can sound odd in this context unless you mean an ongoing/partial action.
    Here the intended meaning is a completed, whole action (pick it up, then put it down), so laukun and sen (total object) fit best.