Hindi ako makatulog ngayong gabi dahil maingay sa sala.

Hindi is the standard word for not in Filipino. It often comes at the beginning of a negative statement.

So:

• Hindi ako makatulog = I can’t sleep
• literally, it is something like Not I-am-able-to-sleep

Putting hindi first is very normal in Filipino when negating the whole statement.

In Filipino, short pronouns like ako often come very early in the sentence, usually right after the first word or particle if possible.

So:

• Hindi ako makatulog
• not Hindi makatulog ako

This is a very common pattern:

• Hindi ako pupunta = I’m not going
• Hindi siya kumakain = He/She isn’t eating

So ako is in a natural clitic position after hindi.

Makatulog comes from the root tulog = sleep.

The prefix maka- often gives a sense of being able to do something, managing to do it, or succeeding in doing it.

So:

• makatulog = to be able to sleep, to manage to fall asleep

That is why Hindi ako makatulog means more specifically:

• I can’t sleep
• I’m unable to fall asleep

This is more natural here than just talking about sleeping as an activity.

This is a very common learner question.

• matulog = to sleep / to go to sleep
• makatulog = to be able to sleep / to manage to sleep

Compare:

• Gusto kong matulog. = I want to sleep.
• Hindi ako makatulog. = I can’t sleep.

So in your sentence, makatulog is used because the speaker is talking about difficulty or inability.

Ngayong is ngayon plus a linker.

The linker connects ngayon to the noun gabi:

• ngayon = now / today
• ngayong gabi = tonight / this evening

This linker is very common in Filipino when one word modifies another.

Other examples:

• magandang umaga = good morning
• malamig na tubig = cold water
• ngayong araw = today / this day
• ngayong gabi = tonight

So ngayong gabi is the correct connected form.

It can be understood literally as this evening/night, but in natural English translation it is usually just tonight.

So:

• Hindi ako makatulog ngayong gabi = I can’t sleep tonight

That is the most natural translation.

Dahil means because.

In this sentence:

• dahil maingay sa sala = because it’s noisy in the living room

Yes, kasi can often be used in everyday speech instead of dahil:

• Hindi ako makatulog ngayong gabi kasi maingay sa sala.

That sounds very natural too.

A simple difference:

• dahil = a bit more neutral or formal
• kasi = very common in casual speech

Both are correct in many situations.

Filipino often does not need a separate verb like English is/are in this kind of sentence.

So:

• maingay sa sala
• literally: noisy in the living room

But in natural English, we translate it as:

• It is noisy in the living room

This is very common with adjectives in Filipino:

• Mainit dito. = It is hot here.
• Malamig ang tubig. = The water is cold.
• Maingay sa sala. = It is noisy in the living room.

So the is is understood rather than spoken.

Maingay means noisy.

Grammatically, it is an adjective formed from the root ingay = noise.

The prefix ma- often forms adjectives:

• ingay = noise
• maingay = noisy

Other similar examples:

• ganda = beauty

• maganda = beautiful

• init = heat
• mainit = hot

So maingay sa sala means the living room is noisy or it’s noisy in the living room.

Sa is a location marker meaning in, at, on, to depending on context.

So:

• sa sala = in the living room

The phrase is giving the location of the noise, not marking sala as the main topic or subject.

Compare:

• Maingay sa sala. = It’s noisy in the living room.
• Ang sala ay maingay. = The living room is noisy.

Both are possible, but your sentence uses the more natural location-focused wording.

Sometimes yes, but the meaning shifts slightly.

• maingay sa sala = it is noisy in the living room
• maingay nasa sala = not natural as written

If you use nasa, it usually works better when talking about where something or someone is:

• Nasa sala ang mga bata. = The children are in the living room.

But in your sentence, maingay sa sala is the natural pattern for describing noise located there.

The sentence does not explicitly say who is making the noise. It only says that it is noisy in the living room.

That is very normal. Filipino, like English, can leave that unspecified when it is not important.

So the idea is:

• I can’t sleep tonight because it’s noisy in the living room.

The speaker may not know or may not want to say exactly who or what is causing the noise.

Yes. Filipino word order is fairly flexible, especially with reason phrases.

For example:

• Hindi ako makatulog ngayong gabi dahil maingay sa sala.
• Dahil maingay sa sala, hindi ako makatulog ngayong gabi.

Both are correct. The second version emphasizes the reason first:

• Because it’s noisy in the living room, I can’t sleep tonight.

The original version is probably the most straightforward and natural in conversation.

It sounds natural and standard.

Nothing in it is strange or overly formal:

• Hindi ako makatulog = very natural
• ngayong gabi = standard
• dahil = normal and slightly more neutral than kasi
• sala = a very common word for living room

In casual speech, many speakers might say:

• Hindi ako makatulog tonight kasi maingay sa sala.
• Hindi ako makatulog ngayong gabi kasi maingay sa sala.

But your original sentence is perfectly good everyday Filipino.