Noong nasa probinsya kami, sumakit ang leeg ko at ang balikat ko dahil malamig.

Noong introduces a past-time situation. In this sentence, it means something like when, back when, or at the time when.

So:

Noong nasa probinsya kami = When we were in the province / Back when we were in the countryside

A learner may also hear nung in casual speech. That is a common spoken form of noong.

Filipino often does not use a separate verb like English am / is / are / was / were in this kind of sentence.

So nasa probinsya kami is literally closer to:

we in the province

but naturally it means:

we were in the province or we were in the countryside

The past meaning comes from the larger sentence, especially Noong.

Nasa is a very common location word meaning in, at, or located in/at.

Examples:

• Nasa bahay ako. = I’m at home.
• Nasa Maynila siya. = He/She is in Manila.

Historically, it comes from na + sa, but for learners it is easiest to treat nasa as a standard form meaning is/are in or at.

So nasa probinsya kami means we were in the province/countryside.

Filipino has two different words for we:

• kami = we, but not including the person being spoken to
• tayo = we, including the person being spoken to

So kami tells you the listener was not part of the group that was in the province.

That is an important distinction in Filipino, even though English just says we for both.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Literally, probinsya is province, but in everyday Filipino it often suggests the provinces, the countryside, or outside the big city.

So in this sentence, nasa probinsya kami could be understood as:

• we were in the province
• we were in the countryside
• we were staying outside the city

All of those are reasonable depending on context.

Sumakit comes from sakit, which is related to pain, hurt, or illness.

With the -um- verb form, sumakit means something like:

• hurt
• ached
• started hurting
• became painful

In this sentence, sumakit is best understood as hurt/ached or started to hurt.

A key point: Filipino is usually described as marking aspect more than tense. So sumakit is not exactly a simple English-style past tense form. It is a completed aspect form, and the past meaning here is reinforced by the context, especially Noong.

In Filipino, ang often marks the subject/topic of the clause.

In sumakit ang leeg ko, the thing that hurt is ang leeg ko = my neck.

So:

• sumakit = hurt / started hurting
• ang leeg ko = my neck
• ang balikat ko = my shoulder

English learners sometimes expect the possessor to be the subject, but in Filipino the body part itself is the thing marked with ang.

So the structure is closer to:

Hurt my neck and my shoulder

but in natural English we say:

My neck and shoulder hurt.

That is normal in Filipino.

• leeg ko = my neck
• balikat ko = my shoulder

The possessive pronoun often comes after the noun:

• bahay ko = my house
• kaibigan ko = my friend
• kamay ko = my hand

So ko means my, but its position is different from English word order.

The repetition makes the sentence clear and balanced.

So:

ang leeg ko at ang balikat ko

clearly means:

my neck and my shoulder

You can sometimes shorten coordinated phrases in Filipino, especially when the same possessor applies to both nouns. For example, a shorter version may be possible in context. But repeating ang and ko is completely natural and often clearer, especially for body parts or when the speaker wants each item to stand out.

English needs a dummy subject in sentences like it was cold, but Filipino usually does not.

So malamig by itself can mean:

• it is cold
• it was cold

depending on context.

That is why dahil malamig simply means because it was cold.

Filipino does not need an equivalent of English weather it here.

Adjectives in Filipino usually do not change form for tense.

So malamig always stays malamig, whether the meaning is:

• is cold
• was cold
• will be cold

The time is understood from context.

In this sentence, the past sense comes from the overall situation established by Noong and sumakit.

Yes. These are all possible, with slightly different wording:

• dahil malamig = because it was cold
• dahil sa lamig = because of the cold
• dahil malamig ang panahon = because the weather was cold

The original sentence is natural, but it is somewhat compact. If a speaker wants to make the cause more explicit, they might say dahil malamig ang panahon or dahil sa lamig.

Here, balikat is singular: shoulder.

If the speaker meant shoulders, they could say mga balikat in a context where the plural needs to be made explicit.

So this sentence most naturally means:

my neck and my shoulder hurt

not my neck and shoulders hurt.