آن را در کشو گذاشتم.

A natural word-by-word breakdown is:

• آن = that / it
• را = the marker for a specific direct object
• در = in
• کشو = drawer
• گذاشتم = I put / I placed

So the structure is literally something like:

• that/it + object marker + in + drawer + I put

Natural English: I put it in the drawer.

را marks a definite, specific direct object.

In this sentence, آن refers to a specific thing, so Persian uses را:

• آن را = it / that one

This is one of the most important features of Persian grammar. In many sentences, if the object is specific, you will see را after it.

For example:

• کتاب را خواندم = I read the book
• او را دیدم = I saw him/her
• آن را گذاشتم = I put it

In everyday speech, را is often pronounced ro.

Persian often uses demonstratives like این (this) and آن (that) where English might use a pronoun like it.

So آن را can literally mean that, but in context it often works like it.

This is especially common in more formal or written Persian. In everyday spoken Persian, people more often say:

• اونو گذاشتم = I put it
• اون رو گذاشتم = same meaning, slightly less colloquial spelling

So in this sentence, آن را is grammatically fine and a bit more formal/literary than everyday speech.

Persian has no definite article like English the.

So کشو can mean:

• a drawer
• the drawer

The context tells you which one is meant.

In this sentence, English naturally translates it as the drawer, but Persian does not need a separate word for that.

Persian normally places the verb at the end of the sentence.

That is why the order is:

• آن را = the object
• در کشو = prepositional phrase
• گذاشتم = verb

This object/place/verb pattern is very common in Persian.

Compare:

• کتاب را روی میز گذاشتم = I put the book on the table
• او را در خانه دیدم = I saw him/her at home

So the final position of گذاشتم is completely normal.

Persian verbs usually show the subject clearly, so the subject pronoun is often omitted.

In گذاشتم, the ending -م shows that the subject is I.

So:

• گذاشتم = I put
• گذاشتی = you put
• گذاشت = he/she put
• گذاشتیم = we put

If you want extra emphasis, you can add من:

• من آن را در کشو گذاشتم = I put it in the drawer

But normally, من is unnecessary.

گذاشتم comes from the verb گذاشتن, meaning to put, to place, or sometimes to leave depending on context.

It breaks down like this:

• past stem: گذاشت-
• personal ending for I: -م

So:

• گذاشتم = I put
• literally: put + I-ending

This is the simple past form.

It is past tense: I put.

In English, I put looks the same in present and past, but Persian makes the tense clear.

• گذاشتم = I put / I placed / I did put (past)
• می‌گذارم = I put / I place (present/habitual)

So this sentence refers to a completed action in the past.

A common transliteration is:

ân râ dar keshu gozashtam

A few helpful notes:

• آن = ân
• را in careful/formal pronunciation = râ
• in everyday speech, را is often pronounced ro
• کشو is usually pronounced keshu
• گذاشتم = gozashtam or more precisely gozâshtam

So in more formal reading style:

ân râ dar keshu gozâshtam

In casual speech, it might sound closer to:

uno tu keshu gozashtam

In everyday spoken Persian, this sentence is often said less formally.

A very common colloquial version is:

• اونو توی کشو گذاشتم
• transliteration: uno tuye keshu gozashtam

Changes from the written version:

• آن becomes اون / اونو
• را becomes رو or merges into the object form
• در often becomes توی or تو in conversation

So:

• written/formal: آن را در کشو گذاشتم
• spoken/common: اونو توی کشو گذاشتم

Both mean the same thing.

All of them can relate to in, but their style is different.

• در = more neutral, standard, often more written
• توی = very common in speech, means inside
• تو = shorter colloquial form of in

So these are all possible:

• در کشو گذاشتم = standard/written
• توی کشو گذاشتم = common spoken
• تو کشو گذاشتم = very colloquial spoken

For a learner, it is good to recognize all three.

Yes, Persian word order can change somewhat for emphasis, but the neutral order here is very normal:

• آن را در کشو گذاشتم

You may also hear variations like:

• در کشو آن را گذاشتم

This can sound more marked or contrastive, depending on context.

Still, for learners, the safest default is:

object + را + place/time phrase + verb

So this sentence is a very good model to follow.

Yes. Persian can use an object clitic instead of a full object phrase.

For it, the clitic is often -ش.

So a possible version is:

• در کشو گذاشتمش = I put it in the drawer

This is common in speech.

Compare:

• آن را در کشو گذاشتم = more explicit, more formal
• در کشو گذاشتمش = more conversational

Both are correct, but they differ in style.

It can mean several related things, depending on context:

• to put
• to place
• to set
• sometimes to leave

In this sentence, because of در کشو (in the drawer), the meaning is clearly put/placed:

• I put it in the drawer

But in other sentences, it can shift a little:

• کتاب را روی میز گذاشتم = I put the book on the table
• ماشین را اینجا گذاشتم = I left the car here

So context decides the best English translation.

Because در کشو is a prepositional phrase: in drawer / in the drawer.

The ezafe sound (-e) is used when one noun connects to another word, such as an adjective or a possessor:

• کشوی کوچک = the small drawer
• کشوی میز = the desk’s drawer / the drawer of the desk

But after a preposition like در, you simply say:

• در کشو = in the drawer

So no ezafe is needed there.

It is mostly standard written Persian and sounds a bit more formal than everyday conversation.

The main reasons are:

• آن instead of اون
• را in full written form
• در instead of the more conversational توی / تو

So you can think of it like this:

• آن را در کشو گذاشتم = standard, written, a bit formal
• اونو توی کشو گذاشتم = everyday spoken Persian

Both are useful to learn, but the version you were given is especially good for understanding grammar clearly.