او گفت که هنوز نامه را با پست نفرستاده است.

که introduces a clause, like English that in he said that.... After verbs of saying, thinking, knowing, etc., Persian very often uses که before the reported statement.

So:

• او گفت = he/she said
• او گفت که ... = he/she said that ...

In casual speech, که can sometimes be omitted, but here it is completely natural.

Yes. Persian often drops subject pronouns when the meaning is clear from context. So گفت که... can already mean he/she said that...

However, او is useful when:

• you want to be clear about who the subject is
• you want a little emphasis
• there could be confusion between different people in the context

Also, since گفت is just third-person singular, it does not tell you whether the subject is he or she, so او helps point to a specific person already known from context.

By itself, هنوز usually means still. But when it appears with a negative verb, it often corresponds to English not yet.

So:

• هنوز می‌خوابد = he/she is still sleeping
• هنوز نفرستاده است = he/she has not sent it yet

Literally, the Persian idea is closer to still has not sent, but in natural English we usually say has not sent yet.

را marks the direct object. It usually shows that the object is specific or definite.

So:

• نامه را = the letter / that letter as a known, specific object

Without را, the noun can sound less specific or more general, depending on context.

A useful rule:

• the noun comes first
• را comes after the noun phrase

Here it is simple:

• نامه را

If there were modifiers, را would come after the whole noun phrase.

با پست literally means with/by post. It tells you the method or means of sending.

So با پست فرستادن means:

• to send by mail
• to send through the post

This is natural Persian. Another very common way to express a similar idea is:

• نامه را پست کردن = to mail the letter

So this sentence chooses send by post rather than the more compact mail wording.

It comes from the verb فرستادن = to send.

The form نفرستاده است is the negative present perfect, and it is built like this:

• فرستاده = past participle, sent
• نـ = negative prefix
• است = auxiliary, is/has

So:

• فرستاده است = has sent
• نفرستاده است = has not sent

This is a very common Persian pattern:

• کرده است = has done
• نکرده است = has not done

Because the sentence is using the present perfect, not the simple past.

Compare:

• نفرستاد = did not send
• نفرستاده است = has not sent

The present perfect connects the action to the relevant present point. With هنوز, it gives the idea has not sent it yet.

So the choice of نفرستاده است suggests that, at the relevant time, the action remained unfinished.

Because Persian does not always do tense backshifting the way English often does in reported speech.

English often prefers:

• He said that he had not sent the letter yet

But Persian can naturally keep the original tense/aspect of the reported statement:

• او گفت که هنوز نامه را با پست نفرستاده است

This is especially natural if the speaker is reporting what was said more directly, almost like:

• He said, "I haven’t sent the letter yet."

If you use نفرستاده بود, that would mean had not sent, which places the non-sending more clearly before another past reference point. That is possible in some contexts, but است here is not wrong at all.

Because Persian is basically an SOV language: subject-object-verb.

In the subordinate clause, Persian usually puts:

• adverbs
• objects
• prepositional phrases

before the verb.

So here:

• هنوز = adverb
• نامه را = direct object
• با پست = prepositional phrase
• نفرستاده است = verb

This final-verb pattern is one of the most important features of Persian sentence structure.

Not completely. Persian word order has some flexibility, especially for emphasis or style. But the given order is neutral and natural.

What is relatively stable here:

• را stays with the direct object
• the verb usually stays at the end

What can move more easily:

• adverbs like هنوز
• prepositional phrases like با پست

So other orders may be possible, but they can sound more marked or emphasize different parts of the sentence. The version you have is a good standard order for learners.

Strictly speaking, it only says that it was not sent by post. So logically, another method is not ruled out.

For example, it leaves open the possibility that it was:

• delivered by hand
• sent by courier
• sent some other way

But in normal context, since the object is نامه and the phrase is با پست, people will often understand it as hasn’t mailed the letter yet.

If you want the broader meaning has not sent the letter yet without mentioning a method, you would say:

• هنوز نامه را نفرستاده است

In careful written Persian, yes, you write است. In everyday speech, it is often reduced.

So نفرستاده است may sound more like:

• نفرستاده‌ست
• or even just نفرستاده in casual conversation, if the context makes the meaning clear

This kind of reduction is very common in spoken Persian, but learners should first get comfortable with the full written form.