Ni deponas la kontantan monon en la ŝparkonton.

Because -as is the present-tense verb ending in Esperanto.
So deponas means deposit / are depositing.

The verb is:

• deponi = to deposit
• deponas = deposits / are depositing
• deponis = deposited
• deponos = will deposit

In this sentence, Ni deponas means we deposit or we are depositing.

Esperanto personal pronouns do not change for subject position the way English sometimes does with verb agreement. Ni always means we.

So:

• mi = I
• vi = you
• li/ŝi/ĝi = he/she/it
• ni = we
• ili = they

The verb does not change depending on the person:

• mi deponas
• ni deponas
• ili deponas

All use deponas.

Because monon is the direct object, and adjectives must agree with the noun they describe.

In Esperanto:

• direct objects usually take -n
• adjectives match the noun in number and case

So:

• mono = money
• monon = money as a direct object
• kontanta = cash, in cash form
• kontantan = adjective agreeing with monon

That is why you get la kontantan monon.

Mono means money in general.
Kontanta mono means cash or cash money, as opposed to money in some other form, such as electronic transfer or a check.

So kontanta specifies the type of money.

Yes, it is understandable and grammatically correct. It literally means cash money.

In practice, Esperanto speakers may also simply say:

• kontantaĵo = cash
• kontanta mono = cash money

The sentence you were given is perfectly clear, especially for learners, because it transparently shows the adjective kontanta with the noun mono.

Because both noun phrases are being treated as definite: the cash and the savings account.

Esperanto uses la as the definite article, like English the. It does not change for gender, number, or case.

So:

• la kontantan monon = the cash
• la ŝparkonton = the savings account

Whether English would always use the in the same situation depends on context, but in Esperanto this is a normal way to make both nouns definite.

Because en can be used in two ways:

• en
  • no -n = location, being in something
• en
  • -n = movement into something, or a change of state/direction toward the inside

Here, the money is being deposited into the savings account, not merely located in it. So Esperanto uses:

• en la ŝparkonton = into the savings account

Compare:

• La mono estas en la ŝparkonto. = The money is in the savings account.
• Ni deponas la monon en la ŝparkonton. = We deposit the money into the savings account.

It could appear in some contexts, but it would usually emphasize location rather than movement into the account.

In careful standard Esperanto, en la ŝparkonton is the better choice here because the action implies transfer into the account.

So the contrast is:

• en la ŝparkonto = in the savings account
• en la ŝparkonton = into the savings account

It is a compound word:

• ŝpari = to save
• konto = account

From that comes:

• ŝpar- = saving-
• ŝparkonto = savings account

This kind of compounding is very common in Esperanto and is one of its most useful features.

In Esperanto, adjectives usually come before the noun, just as they often do in English.

So the normal order is:

• kontanta mono = cash money

When the noun is the direct object, both words take agreement endings:

• kontantan monon

You can sometimes change word order in Esperanto for style or emphasis, but the usual and most neutral order is adjective before noun.

Yes, more freely than in English, because endings show grammatical roles.

For example, -n marks the direct object, so Esperanto does not rely as heavily on word order to show who is doing what.

Still, the most natural neutral order here is:

• Ni deponas la kontantan monon en la ŝparkonton.

A rearranged version might be understandable, but it could sound marked or less natural to a learner’s ear.

Yes, deponi can be used for depositing money, especially in a formal or financial sense. It can also mean placing or depositing something somewhere, depending on context.

In this sentence, because of ŝparkonto, the banking meaning is very clear.

Ŝ is pronounced like English sh in shoe.

So:

• ŝpari sounds roughly like shpari
• ŝparkonto starts with a sh sound

This letter is one of Esperanto’s special accented letters:

• ĉ = ch
• ĝ = soft j
• ĥ = a throaty sound
• ĵ = zh as in measure
• ŝ = sh
• ŭ = a short w-like glide

Esperanto often expresses that idea by combining a preposition with the accusative -n.

So instead of needing a completely different word, it can use:

• en = in
• en
  • -n = into

This is a very common Esperanto pattern:

• sur la tablo = on the table
• sur la tablon = onto the table
• en la domo = in the house
• en la domon = into the house

So en la ŝparkonton is a standard Esperanto way to say into the savings account.